Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems
Smart city systems embrace major challenges associated with climate change, energy efficiency, mobility and future services by embedding the virtual space into a complex cyber-physical system. Those systems are constantly evolving and scaling up, involving a wide range of integration among users, de...
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doaj-cb7433cdd2e2466fae1b09988623db842020-11-24T22:58:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-10-011611181010.3390/s16111810s16111810Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response SystemsEsther Palomar0Xiaohong Chen1Zhiming Liu2Sabita Maharjan3Jonathan Bowen4School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UKDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USACentre for Research and Innovation in Software Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, ChinaNetworks Department, Simula Research Laboratory, Fornebu 1364, NorwaySchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UKSmart city systems embrace major challenges associated with climate change, energy efficiency, mobility and future services by embedding the virtual space into a complex cyber-physical system. Those systems are constantly evolving and scaling up, involving a wide range of integration among users, devices, utilities, public services and also policies. Modelling such complex dynamic systems’ architectures has always been essential for the development and application of techniques/tools to support design and deployment of integration of new components, as well as for the analysis, verification, simulation and testing to ensure trustworthiness. This article reports on the definition and implementation of a scalable component-based architecture that supports a cooperative energy demand response (DR) system coordinating energy usage between neighbouring households. The proposed architecture, called refinement of Cyber-Physical Component Systems (rCPCS), which extends the refinement calculus for component and object system (rCOS) modelling method, is implemented using Eclipse Extensible Coordination Tools (ECT), i.e., Reo coordination language. With rCPCS implementation in Reo, we specify the communication, synchronisation and co-operation amongst the heterogeneous components of the system assuring, by design scalability and the interoperability, correctness of component cooperation.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1810smart city system modellingcomponent-based architecture designcomponent system interoperability and coordinationscalable modellingcooperative demand response |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Esther Palomar Xiaohong Chen Zhiming Liu Sabita Maharjan Jonathan Bowen |
spellingShingle |
Esther Palomar Xiaohong Chen Zhiming Liu Sabita Maharjan Jonathan Bowen Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems Sensors smart city system modelling component-based architecture design component system interoperability and coordination scalable modelling cooperative demand response |
author_facet |
Esther Palomar Xiaohong Chen Zhiming Liu Sabita Maharjan Jonathan Bowen |
author_sort |
Esther Palomar |
title |
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems |
title_short |
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems |
title_full |
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems |
title_fullStr |
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems |
title_sort |
component-based modelling for scalable smart city systems interoperability: a case study on integrating energy demand response systems |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2016-10-01 |
description |
Smart city systems embrace major challenges associated with climate change, energy efficiency, mobility and future services by embedding the virtual space into a complex cyber-physical system. Those systems are constantly evolving and scaling up, involving a wide range of integration among users, devices, utilities, public services and also policies. Modelling such complex dynamic systems’ architectures has always been essential for the development and application of techniques/tools to support design and deployment of integration of new components, as well as for the analysis, verification, simulation and testing to ensure trustworthiness. This article reports on the definition and implementation of a scalable component-based architecture that supports a cooperative energy demand response (DR) system coordinating energy usage between neighbouring households. The proposed architecture, called refinement of Cyber-Physical Component Systems (rCPCS), which extends the refinement calculus for component and object system (rCOS) modelling method, is implemented using Eclipse Extensible Coordination Tools (ECT), i.e., Reo coordination language. With rCPCS implementation in Reo, we specify the communication, synchronisation and co-operation amongst the heterogeneous components of the system assuring, by design scalability and the interoperability, correctness of component cooperation. |
topic |
smart city system modelling component-based architecture design component system interoperability and coordination scalable modelling cooperative demand response |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1810 |
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