2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

• Main Authors: Ole Lagatie, Emmanuel Njumbe Ediage, Jeroen A. Pikkemaat, Yenny Djuardi, Lieven J. Stuyver
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2017-12-01
• Series: Parasites & Vectors
• Subjects: Ascaris lumbricoides; Soil-transmitted helminths; Biomarker; Urine; 2-methyl butyramide; 2-methyl valeramide
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2600-z

Abstract ᅟ Previous reports suggest that the 2-methyl butyramide and 2-methyl valeramide metabolites of Ascaris lumbricoides in urine of infected individuals could be considered as urinary biomarkers for active infection. We have developed an LC-MS method with a detection limit of 10 ng/mL using synthetic chemicals as reference material. Urine samples (n = 21) of infected individuals were analyzed for the presence of these metabolites, but they were not detected in any of the samples. Furthermore, the recorded 1H-NMR spectrum for reference 2-methyl butyramide did not match with the spectrum that was described for the Ascaris metabolite. Based on these two observations, we concluded that the urinary biomarkers that were detected for A. lumbricoides infection are not 2-methyl butyramide nor 2-methylvaleramide. New discovery efforts will be required to identify the structure of these metabolite biomarkers in urine of infected individuals. Trial registration Urine samples used in this study were collected as part of a clinical trial with trial number ISRCTN75636394 (12 November 2013).