Isolation and Identification of Potent Antidiabetic Compounds from <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i>—An Edible Taiwanese Mushroom

• Main Authors: Hung Tse Huang, San-Lang Wang, Van Bon Nguyen, Yao-Haur Kuo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2018-11-01
• Series: Molecules
• Subjects: <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i>; antidiabetic; edible mushroom; α-glucosidase inhibitor; antcin K; dehydrosulphurenic acid; dehydroeburicoic acid; eburicoic acid
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2864

<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> (AC), an edible Taiwanese mushroom, has been recognized as a valuable natural resource with vast biological and medicinal benefits. Recently, the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effects of AC were mentioned in several studies. However, no studies have investigated &#945;-glucosidase inhibitors from AC fruiting bodies (ACFB) as they relate to type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. The purpose of this study was to gain evidence of potent &#945;-glucosidase inhibitory effects, as well as isolate, identify and characterize the active compounds of ACFB. The MeOH extract of ACFB demonstrated potent &#945;-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and possessed high pH stability (pH 2&#8315;11) and thermostable properties at 40&#8315;50 &#176;C. Further purification led to the isolation of eight constituents from ACFB, identified as: 25<i>S</i>-antcin K (<b>1</b>), 25<i>R</i>-antcin K (<b>2</b>), dehydrosulphurenic acid (<b>3</b>), 25<i>S</i>-antcin I (<b>4</b>), 25<i>S</i>-antcin B (<b>5</b>), 25<i>R</i>-antcin B (<b>6</b>), dehydroeburicoic acid (<b>7</b>) and eburicoic acid (<b>8</b>). Notably, the ACFB extract and its identified compounds, except <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>6</b> demonstrated a greater effect (EC₅₀ = 0.025&#8315;0.21 mg/mL) than acarbose (EC₅₀ = 0.278 mg/mL). As such, these active compounds were determined to be new potent mushroom &#945;-glucosidase inhibitors. These active compounds were also identified on the HPLC fingerprints of ACFB.