Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar
<p>We present the first measurement of the sensible heat flux (<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman lidar and Doppl...
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Copernicus Publications
2020-06-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Online Access: | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/13/3221/2020/amt-13-3221-2020.pdf |
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language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
A. Behrendt V. Wulfmeyer C. Senff C. Senff S. K. Muppa S. K. Muppa F. Späth D. Lange N. Kalthoff A. Wieser |
spellingShingle |
A. Behrendt V. Wulfmeyer C. Senff C. Senff S. K. Muppa S. K. Muppa F. Späth D. Lange N. Kalthoff A. Wieser Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
author_facet |
A. Behrendt V. Wulfmeyer C. Senff C. Senff S. K. Muppa S. K. Muppa F. Späth D. Lange N. Kalthoff A. Wieser |
author_sort |
A. Behrendt |
title |
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
title_short |
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
title_full |
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
title_fullStr |
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
title_sort |
observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
issn |
1867-1381 1867-8548 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
<p>We present the first measurement of the sensible heat
flux (<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the
covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman
lidar and Doppler wind lidar measurements. The uncertainties of the <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>
measurements due to instrumental noise and limited sampling are also derived
and discussed. Simultaneous measurements of the latent heat flux profile
(<span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i>)</span> and other turbulent variables were obtained with the combination of water-vapor differential absorption lidar (WVDIAL) and Doppler lidar. The
case study uses a measurement example from the HOPE (HD(CP)<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> Observational Prototype
Experiment) campaign, which took
place in western Germany in 2013 and presents a cloud-free well-developed
quasi-stationary CBL. The mean boundary layer height <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span> was at 1230 m
above ground level. The results show – as expected – positive values of
<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> in the middle of the CBL. A maximum of (<span class="inline-formula">182±32</span>) W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, with the
second number for the noise uncertainty, is found at 0.5 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span>. At about
0.7 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> changes sign to negative values above. The entrainment flux was
<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">62</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">27</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="237aead43ca935715b3ac2e3e902abab"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-3221-2020-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="12pt" src="amt-13-3221-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>. The mean sensible heat flux divergence in the
observed part of the CBL above 0.3 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span> was <span class="inline-formula">−0.28</span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, which
corresponds to a warming of 0.83 K h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The <span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i></span> profile shows a slight positive mean flux divergence of 0.12 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> and an entrainment flux of <span class="inline-formula">(214±36)</span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>. The combination of <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i></span> profiles in combination with variance and other turbulent parameters is very valuable for the evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) results and the further improvement and validation of turbulence parameterization schemes.</p> |
url |
https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/13/3221/2020/amt-13-3221-2020.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT abehrendt observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT vwulfmeyer observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT csenff observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT csenff observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT skmuppa observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT skmuppa observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT fspath observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT dlange observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT nkalthoff observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar AT awieser observationofsensibleandlatentheatfluxprofileswithlidar |
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spelling |
doaj-ccc9016e254b434ab34624676cd8431e2020-11-25T03:18:07ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482020-06-01133221323310.5194/amt-13-3221-2020Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidarA. Behrendt0V. Wulfmeyer1C. Senff2C. Senff3S. K. Muppa4S. K. Muppa5F. Späth6D. Lange7N. Kalthoff8A. Wieser9Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, USANOAA Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USAInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germanynow at: Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany<p>We present the first measurement of the sensible heat flux (<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman lidar and Doppler wind lidar measurements. The uncertainties of the <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> measurements due to instrumental noise and limited sampling are also derived and discussed. Simultaneous measurements of the latent heat flux profile (<span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i>)</span> and other turbulent variables were obtained with the combination of water-vapor differential absorption lidar (WVDIAL) and Doppler lidar. The case study uses a measurement example from the HOPE (HD(CP)<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> Observational Prototype Experiment) campaign, which took place in western Germany in 2013 and presents a cloud-free well-developed quasi-stationary CBL. The mean boundary layer height <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span> was at 1230 m above ground level. The results show – as expected – positive values of <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> in the middle of the CBL. A maximum of (<span class="inline-formula">182±32</span>) W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, with the second number for the noise uncertainty, is found at 0.5 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span>. At about 0.7 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> changes sign to negative values above. The entrainment flux was <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">62</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">27</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="237aead43ca935715b3ac2e3e902abab"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-3221-2020-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="12pt" src="amt-13-3221-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>. The mean sensible heat flux divergence in the observed part of the CBL above 0.3 <span class="inline-formula"><i>z</i><sub>i</sub></span> was <span class="inline-formula">−0.28</span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, which corresponds to a warming of 0.83 K h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The <span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i></span> profile shows a slight positive mean flux divergence of 0.12 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> and an entrainment flux of <span class="inline-formula">(214±36)</span> W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>. The combination of <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i></span> profiles in combination with variance and other turbulent parameters is very valuable for the evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) results and the further improvement and validation of turbulence parameterization schemes.</p>https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/13/3221/2020/amt-13-3221-2020.pdf |