Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks
(1) Objectives: This work examined properties of dental monomer formulations of an aromatic dimethacylate (BisGMA), aliphatic urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The monomers were combined in different ratio formulations and heat-polymerized containing the...
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doaj-cd1e772ccc3546fc8bf2d155571049432021-08-26T13:29:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-08-01117370737010.3390/app11167370Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic NetworksJanine Tiu0Renan Belli1Ulrich Lohbauer2Research Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Dental Clinic 1—Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyResearch Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Dental Clinic 1—Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyResearch Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Dental Clinic 1—Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany(1) Objectives: This work examined properties of dental monomer formulations of an aromatic dimethacylate (BisGMA), aliphatic urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The monomers were combined in different ratio formulations and heat-polymerized containing the initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) specifically for the purpose of infiltration into polymer-infiltrated composite structures. (2) Methods: The monomers were combined in different weight ratios and underwent rheological analysis (viscosity and temperature dependence), degree of conversion, and mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness). (3) Results: Rheological properties showed Newtonian behavior for monomers with a large dependence on temperature. The addition of BPO allowed for gelation in the range of 72.0–75.9 °C. Degree of conversion was found between 74% and 87% DC, unaffected by an increase of TEGDMA (up to 70 wt%). Elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness were inversely proportional to an increase in TEGDMA. Elastic modulus and hardness were found slightly increased for UDMA versus BisGMA formulations, while fracture toughness ranged between 0.26 and 0.93 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> for UDMA- and 0.18 and 0.68 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> for BisGMA-based formulations. (4) Significance: Heat-polymerization allows for greater range of monomer formulations based on viscosity and degree of conversion when selecting for infiltrated composite structures. Therefore, selection should be based on mechanical properties. The measured data for fracture toughness combined with the reduced viscosity at higher UDMA:TEGDMA ratios favor such formulations over BisGMA:TEGDMA mixtures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7370methacrylate monomerheat polymerizationmechanical propertiesresin infiltration |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Janine Tiu Renan Belli Ulrich Lohbauer |
spellingShingle |
Janine Tiu Renan Belli Ulrich Lohbauer Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks Applied Sciences methacrylate monomer heat polymerization mechanical properties resin infiltration |
author_facet |
Janine Tiu Renan Belli Ulrich Lohbauer |
author_sort |
Janine Tiu |
title |
Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks |
title_short |
Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks |
title_full |
Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Heat-Polymerized Monomer Formulations for Dental Infiltrated Ceramic Networks |
title_sort |
characterization of heat-polymerized monomer formulations for dental infiltrated ceramic networks |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
(1) Objectives: This work examined properties of dental monomer formulations of an aromatic dimethacylate (BisGMA), aliphatic urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The monomers were combined in different ratio formulations and heat-polymerized containing the initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) specifically for the purpose of infiltration into polymer-infiltrated composite structures. (2) Methods: The monomers were combined in different weight ratios and underwent rheological analysis (viscosity and temperature dependence), degree of conversion, and mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness). (3) Results: Rheological properties showed Newtonian behavior for monomers with a large dependence on temperature. The addition of BPO allowed for gelation in the range of 72.0–75.9 °C. Degree of conversion was found between 74% and 87% DC, unaffected by an increase of TEGDMA (up to 70 wt%). Elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness were inversely proportional to an increase in TEGDMA. Elastic modulus and hardness were found slightly increased for UDMA versus BisGMA formulations, while fracture toughness ranged between 0.26 and 0.93 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> for UDMA- and 0.18 and 0.68 MPa·m<sup>0.5</sup> for BisGMA-based formulations. (4) Significance: Heat-polymerization allows for greater range of monomer formulations based on viscosity and degree of conversion when selecting for infiltrated composite structures. Therefore, selection should be based on mechanical properties. The measured data for fracture toughness combined with the reduced viscosity at higher UDMA:TEGDMA ratios favor such formulations over BisGMA:TEGDMA mixtures. |
topic |
methacrylate monomer heat polymerization mechanical properties resin infiltration |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7370 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT janinetiu characterizationofheatpolymerizedmonomerformulationsfordentalinfiltratedceramicnetworks AT renanbelli characterizationofheatpolymerizedmonomerformulationsfordentalinfiltratedceramicnetworks AT ulrichlohbauer characterizationofheatpolymerizedmonomerformulationsfordentalinfiltratedceramicnetworks |
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1721195071066341376 |