Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil
Spotted-fever caused Rickettsia rickettsii infection is in Brazil the major tick-borne zoonotic disease. Recently a second and milder human rickettsiosis caused by an agent genetically related to R. parkeri was discovered in the country (Atlantic rainforest strain). Both diseases clearly have an eco...
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doaj-cd8d9c38d55f4eef85687cec9b51dfbe2020-11-24T21:17:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882013-07-01310.3389/fcimb.2013.0002754440Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in BrazilMatias Pablo Juan Szabó0Adriano ePinter1Marcelo Bahia Labruna2Universidade Federal de UberlândiaSuperintendencia de Controle de Endemias, São PauloUniversidade de São PauloSpotted-fever caused Rickettsia rickettsii infection is in Brazil the major tick-borne zoonotic disease. Recently a second and milder human rickettsiosis caused by an agent genetically related to R. parkeri was discovered in the country (Atlantic rainforest strain). Both diseases clearly have an ecological background linked to a few tick species and their environment. Capybaras (Hydrochoerys hydrochaeris) and Amblyomma cajennense ticks in urban and rural areas close to water sources are the main and long known epidemiological feature behind R. rickettsii caused spotted fever. Unfortunately this ecological background seems to be increasing in the country and disease spreading may be foreseen. Metropolitan area of São Paulo, the most populous of the country, is embedded in Atlantic rainforest that harbors another important R. rickettsii vector, the tick Amblyomma aureolatum. Thus at the city-forest interface dogs carry infected ticks to human dwellings and human infection occurs. A role for R. rickettsii vectoring to humans of a third tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Brazil, has not been proven; however, there is circumstantial evidence for that. A Rickettsia parkeri-like strain was found in Amblyomma ovale ticks from Atlantic rainforest, and was shown to be responsible for a milder febrile human disease. Rickettsia-infected A. ovale ticks are known to be spread over large areas along the Atlantic coast of the country and diagnosis of human infection is increasing with awareness and proper diagnostic tools. In this review ecological features of the tick species mentioned, and that are important for Rickettsia transmission to humans, are updated and discussed. Specific knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of such diseases are highlighted to guide forthcoming research.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00027/fullBrazilEcologyRickettsiatick specieshuman spotted-fever |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó Adriano ePinter Marcelo Bahia Labruna |
spellingShingle |
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó Adriano ePinter Marcelo Bahia Labruna Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Brazil Ecology Rickettsia tick species human spotted-fever |
author_facet |
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó Adriano ePinter Marcelo Bahia Labruna |
author_sort |
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó |
title |
Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil |
title_short |
Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil |
title_full |
Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in Brazil |
title_sort |
ecology, biology and distribution of spotted-fever tick vectors in brazil |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
issn |
2235-2988 |
publishDate |
2013-07-01 |
description |
Spotted-fever caused Rickettsia rickettsii infection is in Brazil the major tick-borne zoonotic disease. Recently a second and milder human rickettsiosis caused by an agent genetically related to R. parkeri was discovered in the country (Atlantic rainforest strain). Both diseases clearly have an ecological background linked to a few tick species and their environment. Capybaras (Hydrochoerys hydrochaeris) and Amblyomma cajennense ticks in urban and rural areas close to water sources are the main and long known epidemiological feature behind R. rickettsii caused spotted fever. Unfortunately this ecological background seems to be increasing in the country and disease spreading may be foreseen. Metropolitan area of São Paulo, the most populous of the country, is embedded in Atlantic rainforest that harbors another important R. rickettsii vector, the tick Amblyomma aureolatum. Thus at the city-forest interface dogs carry infected ticks to human dwellings and human infection occurs. A role for R. rickettsii vectoring to humans of a third tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Brazil, has not been proven; however, there is circumstantial evidence for that. A Rickettsia parkeri-like strain was found in Amblyomma ovale ticks from Atlantic rainforest, and was shown to be responsible for a milder febrile human disease. Rickettsia-infected A. ovale ticks are known to be spread over large areas along the Atlantic coast of the country and diagnosis of human infection is increasing with awareness and proper diagnostic tools. In this review ecological features of the tick species mentioned, and that are important for Rickettsia transmission to humans, are updated and discussed. Specific knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of such diseases are highlighted to guide forthcoming research. |
topic |
Brazil Ecology Rickettsia tick species human spotted-fever |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00027/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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