Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes
The main drawback of drinking water chlorination involves the formation of quite hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs), represented mainly by halogenated species. Based on the authors’ monitoring data since 2002, the prevalence of chlorine over bromine in the composition of volatile DBPs was sho...
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doaj-cda55dec6c8946bd9510148fae2272ae2021-03-26T00:02:45ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-03-01261852185210.3390/molecules26071852Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water IntakesMargarita Yu. Vozhdaeva0Alfiya R. Kholova1Igor A. Melnitskiy2Ilya I. Beloliptsev3Yulia S. Vozhdaeva4Evgeniy A. Kantor5Albert T. Lebedev6State Unitary Enterprise “Ufavodokanal”, Water Treatment Station, Rossiyskaya St. 157/2, Ufa 450098, RussiaState Unitary Enterprise “Ufavodokanal”, Water Treatment Station, Rossiyskaya St. 157/2, Ufa 450098, RussiaState Unitary Enterprise “Ufavodokanal”, Water Treatment Station, Rossiyskaya St. 157/2, Ufa 450098, RussiaDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ufa Branch, Financial University, Mustaia Karima St. 69/1, Ufa 450015, RussiaDepartment of Mechanics and Mathematics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaia Emb. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, RussiaDepartment of Petrochemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Physics, Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Kosmonavtov St. 1, Ufa 450000, RussiaOrganic Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1/3, Moscow 119991, RussiaThe main drawback of drinking water chlorination involves the formation of quite hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs), represented mainly by halogenated species. Based on the authors’ monitoring data since 2002, the prevalence of chlorine over bromine in the composition of volatile DBPs was shown for the drinking water in Ufa (Russia). However, the situation was completely reversed in the case of semi-volatile DBPs. The principal goal of the present study involved rationalization of the results of the long-term monitoring. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile DBPs. Identification of semi-volatile compounds was carried out with GC-MS, while gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC-AED) was used for their quantification. A significant contribution of oxygen to the composition of semi-volatile compounds proves the decisive role of the dissolved organic matter oxidative destructive processes. Statistical analysis revealed notable linear correlations for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation vs. chlorine dose. On the contrary, halogenated semi-volatile products do not demonstrate any correlations with the water quality parameters or chlorine dose. Principal component analysis (PCA) placed them into separate groups. The results allow for proposing that formation of the organohalogenated species involved the fast penetration of bromine into the humic matter molecules and, further, their oxidative destruction by active chlorine.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1852brominated DBPchlorinated DBPTHMHAASVOCGC-MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Margarita Yu. Vozhdaeva Alfiya R. Kholova Igor A. Melnitskiy Ilya I. Beloliptsev Yulia S. Vozhdaeva Evgeniy A. Kantor Albert T. Lebedev |
spellingShingle |
Margarita Yu. Vozhdaeva Alfiya R. Kholova Igor A. Melnitskiy Ilya I. Beloliptsev Yulia S. Vozhdaeva Evgeniy A. Kantor Albert T. Lebedev Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes Molecules brominated DBP chlorinated DBP THM HAA SVOC GC-MS |
author_facet |
Margarita Yu. Vozhdaeva Alfiya R. Kholova Igor A. Melnitskiy Ilya I. Beloliptsev Yulia S. Vozhdaeva Evgeniy A. Kantor Albert T. Lebedev |
author_sort |
Margarita Yu. Vozhdaeva |
title |
Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes |
title_short |
Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes |
title_full |
Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes |
title_fullStr |
Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoring and Statistical Analysis of Formation of Organochlorine and Organobromine Compounds in Drinking Water of Different Water Intakes |
title_sort |
monitoring and statistical analysis of formation of organochlorine and organobromine compounds in drinking water of different water intakes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
The main drawback of drinking water chlorination involves the formation of quite hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs), represented mainly by halogenated species. Based on the authors’ monitoring data since 2002, the prevalence of chlorine over bromine in the composition of volatile DBPs was shown for the drinking water in Ufa (Russia). However, the situation was completely reversed in the case of semi-volatile DBPs. The principal goal of the present study involved rationalization of the results of the long-term monitoring. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile DBPs. Identification of semi-volatile compounds was carried out with GC-MS, while gas chromatography with an atomic emission detector (GC-AED) was used for their quantification. A significant contribution of oxygen to the composition of semi-volatile compounds proves the decisive role of the dissolved organic matter oxidative destructive processes. Statistical analysis revealed notable linear correlations for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation vs. chlorine dose. On the contrary, halogenated semi-volatile products do not demonstrate any correlations with the water quality parameters or chlorine dose. Principal component analysis (PCA) placed them into separate groups. The results allow for proposing that formation of the organohalogenated species involved the fast penetration of bromine into the humic matter molecules and, further, their oxidative destruction by active chlorine. |
topic |
brominated DBP chlorinated DBP THM HAA SVOC GC-MS |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1852 |
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