Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants
Artificial small RNAs (art-sRNAs), such as artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) and synthetic trans-acting small interfering RNAs (syn-tasiRNAs), are highly specific 21-nucleotide small RNAs designed to recognize and silence complementary target RNAs. Art-sRNAs are extensively used in gene function studie...
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doaj-cdeb55f5e16741538146917038ab5bdc2020-11-25T03:02:13ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-05-01966966910.3390/plants9060669Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in PlantsAdriana E. Cisneros0Alberto Carbonell1Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainArtificial small RNAs (art-sRNAs), such as artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) and synthetic trans-acting small interfering RNAs (syn-tasiRNAs), are highly specific 21-nucleotide small RNAs designed to recognize and silence complementary target RNAs. Art-sRNAs are extensively used in gene function studies or for improving crops, particularly to protect plants against viruses. Typically, antiviral art-sRNAs are computationally designed to target one or multiple sites in viral RNAs with high specificity, and art-sRNA constructs are generated and introduced into plants that are subsequently challenged with the target virus(es). Numerous studies have reported the successful application of art-sRNAs to induce resistance against a large number of RNA and DNA viruses in model and crop species. However, the application of art-sRNAs as an antiviral tool has limitations, such as the difficulty to predict the efficacy of a particular art-sRNA or the emergence of virus variants with mutated target sites escaping to art-sRNA-mediated degradation. Here, we review the different classes, features, and uses of art-sRNA-based tools to induce antiviral resistance in plants. We also provide strategies for the rational design of antiviral art-sRNAs and discuss the latest advances in developing art-sRNA-based methodologies for enhanced resistance to plant viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/669RNA silencingartificial small RNAamiRNAatasiRNAsyn-tasiRNAantiviral resistance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Adriana E. Cisneros Alberto Carbonell |
spellingShingle |
Adriana E. Cisneros Alberto Carbonell Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants Plants RNA silencing artificial small RNA amiRNA atasiRNA syn-tasiRNA antiviral resistance |
author_facet |
Adriana E. Cisneros Alberto Carbonell |
author_sort |
Adriana E. Cisneros |
title |
Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants |
title_short |
Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants |
title_full |
Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants |
title_fullStr |
Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Artificial Small RNA-Based Silencing Tools for Antiviral Resistance in Plants |
title_sort |
artificial small rna-based silencing tools for antiviral resistance in plants |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Artificial small RNAs (art-sRNAs), such as artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) and synthetic trans-acting small interfering RNAs (syn-tasiRNAs), are highly specific 21-nucleotide small RNAs designed to recognize and silence complementary target RNAs. Art-sRNAs are extensively used in gene function studies or for improving crops, particularly to protect plants against viruses. Typically, antiviral art-sRNAs are computationally designed to target one or multiple sites in viral RNAs with high specificity, and art-sRNA constructs are generated and introduced into plants that are subsequently challenged with the target virus(es). Numerous studies have reported the successful application of art-sRNAs to induce resistance against a large number of RNA and DNA viruses in model and crop species. However, the application of art-sRNAs as an antiviral tool has limitations, such as the difficulty to predict the efficacy of a particular art-sRNA or the emergence of virus variants with mutated target sites escaping to art-sRNA-mediated degradation. Here, we review the different classes, features, and uses of art-sRNA-based tools to induce antiviral resistance in plants. We also provide strategies for the rational design of antiviral art-sRNAs and discuss the latest advances in developing art-sRNA-based methodologies for enhanced resistance to plant viruses. |
topic |
RNA silencing artificial small RNA amiRNA atasiRNA syn-tasiRNA antiviral resistance |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/669 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT adrianaecisneros artificialsmallrnabasedsilencingtoolsforantiviralresistanceinplants AT albertocarbonell artificialsmallrnabasedsilencingtoolsforantiviralresistanceinplants |
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1724690760230502400 |