Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease
The transition from prenatal to postnatal life causes a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension and the activation of metabolic pathways enabling the newborn's adaptation to the extra-uterine environment. The balance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems is critical to preserve c...
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2021-02-01
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doaj-ce46d1cdf2824ee18c407fa2192c60ae2021-02-18T05:10:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602021-02-01910.3389/fped.2021.618867618867Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung DiseaseGiuliana Ferrante0Giuseppe Carota1Giovanni Li Volti2Mario Giuffrè3Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica d'Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica d'Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, ItalyThe transition from prenatal to postnatal life causes a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension and the activation of metabolic pathways enabling the newborn's adaptation to the extra-uterine environment. The balance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems is critical to preserve cellular functions. Indeed, oxidative stress (OS) occurs when the production of free radicals is not balanced by the activity of intracellular antioxidant systems, contributing to cellular and tissue damage. Perinatal OS may have serious health consequences during the postnatal period and later in life. Namely, OS has been recognized as the major cause of lung injury in newborns, especially those preterm born, due to their immature lung and antioxidant systems. The development of OS biomarkers has gained increasing research interest since they may provide useful insights about pathophysiological pathways underlying OS-mediated pulmonary diseases in newborns. Moreover, their implementation in clinical settings may help to early identify high risk-newborns and to provide targeted treatment. Ideally, a biomarker should demonstrate ease of use, biological validity and reproducibility, high sensitivity and specificity. However, none of the clinically validated biomarkers so far have been qualified for neonatal lung disease. Additionally, the complex technical procedures and the high cost of such determinations have hampered the use of OS biomarkers in clinical practice. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the application of biomarkers of oxidative stress for neonatal lung disease and exploring the most relevant issues affecting their implementation in practice, as well as the associated evidence gaps and research limitations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.618867/fulloxidative stressbiomarkerlung diseasenewbornprematurity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Giuliana Ferrante Giuseppe Carota Giovanni Li Volti Mario Giuffrè |
spellingShingle |
Giuliana Ferrante Giuseppe Carota Giovanni Li Volti Mario Giuffrè Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease Frontiers in Pediatrics oxidative stress biomarker lung disease newborn prematurity |
author_facet |
Giuliana Ferrante Giuseppe Carota Giovanni Li Volti Mario Giuffrè |
author_sort |
Giuliana Ferrante |
title |
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease |
title_short |
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease |
title_full |
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease |
title_fullStr |
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress for Neonatal Lung Disease |
title_sort |
biomarkers of oxidative stress for neonatal lung disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
issn |
2296-2360 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
The transition from prenatal to postnatal life causes a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension and the activation of metabolic pathways enabling the newborn's adaptation to the extra-uterine environment. The balance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems is critical to preserve cellular functions. Indeed, oxidative stress (OS) occurs when the production of free radicals is not balanced by the activity of intracellular antioxidant systems, contributing to cellular and tissue damage. Perinatal OS may have serious health consequences during the postnatal period and later in life. Namely, OS has been recognized as the major cause of lung injury in newborns, especially those preterm born, due to their immature lung and antioxidant systems. The development of OS biomarkers has gained increasing research interest since they may provide useful insights about pathophysiological pathways underlying OS-mediated pulmonary diseases in newborns. Moreover, their implementation in clinical settings may help to early identify high risk-newborns and to provide targeted treatment. Ideally, a biomarker should demonstrate ease of use, biological validity and reproducibility, high sensitivity and specificity. However, none of the clinically validated biomarkers so far have been qualified for neonatal lung disease. Additionally, the complex technical procedures and the high cost of such determinations have hampered the use of OS biomarkers in clinical practice. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the application of biomarkers of oxidative stress for neonatal lung disease and exploring the most relevant issues affecting their implementation in practice, as well as the associated evidence gaps and research limitations. |
topic |
oxidative stress biomarker lung disease newborn prematurity |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.618867/full |
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