Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape
Infections in the post-acute phase of cerebral ischaemia impede optimal recovery by exacerbating morbidity and mortality. Our review aims to reconcile the increased infection susceptibility of patients post-stroke by consolidating our understanding of compartmentalised alterations to systemic immuni...
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doaj-ceaa1b0bf0ff49c290ccbf3fa874019f2020-11-25T01:56:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952019-07-011010.3389/fneur.2019.00718462966Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune LandscapeSiddharth Krishnan0Siddharth Krishnan1Siddharth Krishnan2Catherine B. Lawrence3Catherine B. Lawrence4Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomManchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomDivision of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomDivision of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomInfections in the post-acute phase of cerebral ischaemia impede optimal recovery by exacerbating morbidity and mortality. Our review aims to reconcile the increased infection susceptibility of patients post-stroke by consolidating our understanding of compartmentalised alterations to systemic immunity. Mounting evidence has catalogued alterations to numerous immune cell populations but an understanding of the mechanisms of long-range communication between the immune system, nervous system and other organs beyond the involvement of autonomic signalling is lacking. By taking our cues from established and emerging concepts of neuro-immune interactions, immune-mediated inter-organ cross-talk, innate immune training and the role of microbiota-derived signals in central nervous system (CNS) function we will explore mechanisms of how cerebral ischaemia could shape systemic immune function. In this context, we will also discuss a key question: how are immune requirements critical for mediating repair of the ischaemic insult balanced by the need for anti-microbial immunity post-stroke, given that they are mediated by mutually exclusive immune networks? Our reformed understanding of the immune landscape post-stroke and novel mechanisms at play could guide targeted therapeutic interventions and initiate a step-change in the clinical management of these infectious complications post-stroke.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00718/fullcerebral ischaemiapost-stroke infectionsystemic immunityinnate immune trainingneuroimmunology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Catherine B. Lawrence Catherine B. Lawrence |
spellingShingle |
Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Catherine B. Lawrence Catherine B. Lawrence Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape Frontiers in Neurology cerebral ischaemia post-stroke infection systemic immunity innate immune training neuroimmunology |
author_facet |
Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Siddharth Krishnan Catherine B. Lawrence Catherine B. Lawrence |
author_sort |
Siddharth Krishnan |
title |
Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape |
title_short |
Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape |
title_full |
Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape |
title_fullStr |
Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape |
title_full_unstemmed |
Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape |
title_sort |
old dog new tricks; revisiting how stroke modulates the systemic immune landscape |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Infections in the post-acute phase of cerebral ischaemia impede optimal recovery by exacerbating morbidity and mortality. Our review aims to reconcile the increased infection susceptibility of patients post-stroke by consolidating our understanding of compartmentalised alterations to systemic immunity. Mounting evidence has catalogued alterations to numerous immune cell populations but an understanding of the mechanisms of long-range communication between the immune system, nervous system and other organs beyond the involvement of autonomic signalling is lacking. By taking our cues from established and emerging concepts of neuro-immune interactions, immune-mediated inter-organ cross-talk, innate immune training and the role of microbiota-derived signals in central nervous system (CNS) function we will explore mechanisms of how cerebral ischaemia could shape systemic immune function. In this context, we will also discuss a key question: how are immune requirements critical for mediating repair of the ischaemic insult balanced by the need for anti-microbial immunity post-stroke, given that they are mediated by mutually exclusive immune networks? Our reformed understanding of the immune landscape post-stroke and novel mechanisms at play could guide targeted therapeutic interventions and initiate a step-change in the clinical management of these infectious complications post-stroke. |
topic |
cerebral ischaemia post-stroke infection systemic immunity innate immune training neuroimmunology |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00718/full |
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