Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Re...
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doaj-ced9c1b2785042079dd857de742963612021-08-26T13:51:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-08-01228434843410.3390/ijms22168434Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s DiseaseMelania Gonzalez-Rodriguez0Veronica Astillero-Lopez1Patricia Villanueva-Anguita2M. Eugenia Paya-Rodriguez3Alicia Flores-Cuadrado4Sandra Villar-Conde5Isabel Ubeda-Banon6Alino Martinez-Marcos7Daniel Saiz-Sanchez8Neuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainNeuroplasticity & Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Recently, glial involvement has gained interest regarding its effect on preservation and impairment of brain integrity. The limbic system, including temporal lobe regions and the olfactory bulb, is particularly affected in the early stages. In the early 1980s, the reduced expression of the somatostatin neuropeptide was described in AD. However, over the last three decades, research on somatostatin in Alzheimer’s disease has been scarce in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to stereologically quantify the expression of somatostatin in the human hippocampus and olfactory bulb and analyze its spatial distribution with respect to that of Aβ and au neuropathologic proteins and astroglia. The results indicate that somatostatin-expressing cells are reduced by 50% in the hippocampus but are preserved in the olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the coexpression of somatostatin with the Aβ peptide is very common but not with the tau protein. Finally, the coexpression of somatostatin with astrocytes is rare, although their spatial distribution is very similar. Altogether, we can conclude that somatostatin expression is highly reduced in the human hippocampus, but not the olfactory bulb, and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8434Alzheimer’s diseasesomatostatinhippocampusolfactory bulbastrogliastereology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Veronica Astillero-Lopez Patricia Villanueva-Anguita M. Eugenia Paya-Rodriguez Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Sandra Villar-Conde Isabel Ubeda-Banon Alino Martinez-Marcos Daniel Saiz-Sanchez |
spellingShingle |
Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Veronica Astillero-Lopez Patricia Villanueva-Anguita M. Eugenia Paya-Rodriguez Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Sandra Villar-Conde Isabel Ubeda-Banon Alino Martinez-Marcos Daniel Saiz-Sanchez Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alzheimer’s disease somatostatin hippocampus olfactory bulb astroglia stereology |
author_facet |
Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez Veronica Astillero-Lopez Patricia Villanueva-Anguita M. Eugenia Paya-Rodriguez Alicia Flores-Cuadrado Sandra Villar-Conde Isabel Ubeda-Banon Alino Martinez-Marcos Daniel Saiz-Sanchez |
author_sort |
Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez |
title |
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short |
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full |
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr |
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort |
somatostatin and astroglial involvement in the human limbic system in alzheimer’s disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Recently, glial involvement has gained interest regarding its effect on preservation and impairment of brain integrity. The limbic system, including temporal lobe regions and the olfactory bulb, is particularly affected in the early stages. In the early 1980s, the reduced expression of the somatostatin neuropeptide was described in AD. However, over the last three decades, research on somatostatin in Alzheimer’s disease has been scarce in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to stereologically quantify the expression of somatostatin in the human hippocampus and olfactory bulb and analyze its spatial distribution with respect to that of Aβ and au neuropathologic proteins and astroglia. The results indicate that somatostatin-expressing cells are reduced by 50% in the hippocampus but are preserved in the olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the coexpression of somatostatin with the Aβ peptide is very common but not with the tau protein. Finally, the coexpression of somatostatin with astrocytes is rare, although their spatial distribution is very similar. Altogether, we can conclude that somatostatin expression is highly reduced in the human hippocampus, but not the olfactory bulb, and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. |
topic |
Alzheimer’s disease somatostatin hippocampus olfactory bulb astroglia stereology |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8434 |
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