Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration
The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network vi...
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doaj-cf0a779a9805426d95465403b33cab622020-11-25T00:02:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-02-0112472010.3390/en12040720en12040720Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES PenetrationNeofytos Neofytou0Konstantinos Blazakis1Yiannis Katsigiannis2Georgios Stavrakakis3School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, GreeceSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, GreeceDepartment of Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Romanou 3, GR-73100 Chania, GreeceSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, GR-73100 Chania, GreeceThe rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/720vehicle-to-grid (V2G)isolated power system dynamic simulationprimary frequency control (PFC)scheduled chargingaggregatorbattery storagerenewable energy systems modeling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Neofytos Neofytou Konstantinos Blazakis Yiannis Katsigiannis Georgios Stavrakakis |
spellingShingle |
Neofytos Neofytou Konstantinos Blazakis Yiannis Katsigiannis Georgios Stavrakakis Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration Energies vehicle-to-grid (V2G) isolated power system dynamic simulation primary frequency control (PFC) scheduled charging aggregator battery storage renewable energy systems modeling |
author_facet |
Neofytos Neofytou Konstantinos Blazakis Yiannis Katsigiannis Georgios Stavrakakis |
author_sort |
Neofytos Neofytou |
title |
Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration |
title_short |
Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration |
title_full |
Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration |
title_fullStr |
Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration |
title_sort |
modeling vehicles to grid as a source of distributed frequency regulation in isolated grids with significant res penetration |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation. |
topic |
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) isolated power system dynamic simulation primary frequency control (PFC) scheduled charging aggregator battery storage renewable energy systems modeling |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/4/720 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT neofytosneofytou modelingvehiclestogridasasourceofdistributedfrequencyregulationinisolatedgridswithsignificantrespenetration AT konstantinosblazakis modelingvehiclestogridasasourceofdistributedfrequencyregulationinisolatedgridswithsignificantrespenetration AT yianniskatsigiannis modelingvehiclestogridasasourceofdistributedfrequencyregulationinisolatedgridswithsignificantrespenetration AT georgiosstavrakakis modelingvehiclestogridasasourceofdistributedfrequencyregulationinisolatedgridswithsignificantrespenetration |
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