Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus)
Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild...
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doaj-cf1200ee47aa4118809ee17da516770e2020-11-25T01:29:01ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-09-018e989710.7717/peerj.9897Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus)Leta Dickinson0Hilary Noble1Elliot Gardner2Aida Shafreena Ahmad Puad3Wan Nuur Fatiha Wan Zakaria4Nyree J.C. Zerega5Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of AmericaThe Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of AmericaFaculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaPlant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of AmericaLimestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild relative of two important and underutilized fruit tree crops, jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and cempedak (A. integer). Identifying and conserving crop wild relatives is critical for the conservation of crop genetic diversity and breeding. In 2016 and 2017, five A. annulatus populations were located, and leaf material, locality information, and demographic data were collected. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and structure among populations, and to compare levels of genetic diversity to closely related congeneric species. Results indicate no evidence of inbreeding in A. annulatus, and there is no genetic structure among the five populations. However, diversity measures trended lower in seedlings compared to mature trees, suggesting allelic diversity may be under threat in the youngest generation of plants. Also, genetic diversity is lower in A. annulatus compared to closely related congeners. The present study provides a baseline estimate of A. annulatus genetic diversity that can be used for comparison in future studies and to other species in the unique limestone karst ecosystems. Considerations for in situ and ex situ conservation approaches are discussed.https://peerj.com/articles/9897.pdfKarst limestoneSarawakBiodiversity conservationEndemic speciesHabitat fragmentationPlant genetic resources |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leta Dickinson Hilary Noble Elliot Gardner Aida Shafreena Ahmad Puad Wan Nuur Fatiha Wan Zakaria Nyree J.C. Zerega |
spellingShingle |
Leta Dickinson Hilary Noble Elliot Gardner Aida Shafreena Ahmad Puad Wan Nuur Fatiha Wan Zakaria Nyree J.C. Zerega Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) PeerJ Karst limestone Sarawak Biodiversity conservation Endemic species Habitat fragmentation Plant genetic resources |
author_facet |
Leta Dickinson Hilary Noble Elliot Gardner Aida Shafreena Ahmad Puad Wan Nuur Fatiha Wan Zakaria Nyree J.C. Zerega |
author_sort |
Leta Dickinson |
title |
Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) |
title_short |
Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) |
title_full |
Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) |
title_fullStr |
Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) |
title_sort |
genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (a. heterophyllus) |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild relative of two important and underutilized fruit tree crops, jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and cempedak (A. integer). Identifying and conserving crop wild relatives is critical for the conservation of crop genetic diversity and breeding. In 2016 and 2017, five A. annulatus populations were located, and leaf material, locality information, and demographic data were collected. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and structure among populations, and to compare levels of genetic diversity to closely related congeneric species. Results indicate no evidence of inbreeding in A. annulatus, and there is no genetic structure among the five populations. However, diversity measures trended lower in seedlings compared to mature trees, suggesting allelic diversity may be under threat in the youngest generation of plants. Also, genetic diversity is lower in A. annulatus compared to closely related congeners. The present study provides a baseline estimate of A. annulatus genetic diversity that can be used for comparison in future studies and to other species in the unique limestone karst ecosystems. Considerations for in situ and ex situ conservation approaches are discussed. |
topic |
Karst limestone Sarawak Biodiversity conservation Endemic species Habitat fragmentation Plant genetic resources |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/9897.pdf |
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