Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country.
BACKGROUND:Guyana expanded its HIV response in 2005 but the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has not been characterized. METHODS:The 2011 Seroprevalence and Behavioral Epidemiology Risk Survey for HIV and STIs collected biologic specimens with demographi...
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doaj-cf758bdf91f947ff9be6ce2de456780d2021-03-03T21:07:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032019-01-011410e022283510.1371/journal.pone.0222835Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country.Siobhan M O'ConnorTonya Mixson-HaydenLilia Ganova-RaevaDjeneba Audrey DjiboMatthew BrownGuo-Liang XiaSaleem KamiliMarni JacobsMaxia DongAnne G ThomasMarc BulterysBraden HaleBACKGROUND:Guyana expanded its HIV response in 2005 but the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has not been characterized. METHODS:The 2011 Seroprevalence and Behavioral Epidemiology Risk Survey for HIV and STIs collected biologic specimens with demographic and behavioral data from a representative sample of Guyana military personnel. Diagnostics included commercial serum: HIV antibody; total antibody to hepatitis B core (anti-HBc); IgM anti-HBc; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); anti-HBs; antibody to HCV with confirmatory testing; and HBV DNA sequencing with S gene fragment phylogenetic analysis. Chi-square, p-values and prevalence ratios determined statistical significance. RESULTS:Among 480 participants providing serologic specimens, 176 (36.7%) tested anti-HBc-positive. Overall, 19 (4.0%) participants tested HBsAg-positive; 17 (89.5%) of the HBsAg-positive participants also had detectable anti-HBc, including 1 (5.3%) IgM anti-HBc-positive male. Four (6.8%) females with available HBV testing were HBsAg-positive, all aged 23-29 years. Sixteen (16, 84.2%) HBsAg-positive participants had sufficient specimen for DNA testing. All 16 had detectable HBV DNA, 4 with viral load >2x104IU/ml. Sequencing found: 12 genotype (gt) A1 with 99.9% genetic identity between 1 IgM anti-HBc-positive and 1 anti-HBc-negative; 2 gtD1; and 2 with insufficient specimen. No statistically significant associations between risk factors and HBV infection were identified. CONCLUSIONS:Integrated HIV surveillance identified likely recent adult HBV transmission, current HBV infection among females of reproductive age, moderate HBV infection prevalence (all gtA1 and D1), no HCV infections and low HIV frequency among Guyana military personnel. Integrated HIV surveillance helped characterize HBV and HCV epidemiology, including probable recent transmission, prompting targeted responses to control ongoing HBV transmission and examination of hepatitis B vaccine policies.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222835 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Siobhan M O'Connor Tonya Mixson-Hayden Lilia Ganova-Raeva Djeneba Audrey Djibo Matthew Brown Guo-Liang Xia Saleem Kamili Marni Jacobs Maxia Dong Anne G Thomas Marc Bulterys Braden Hale |
spellingShingle |
Siobhan M O'Connor Tonya Mixson-Hayden Lilia Ganova-Raeva Djeneba Audrey Djibo Matthew Brown Guo-Liang Xia Saleem Kamili Marni Jacobs Maxia Dong Anne G Thomas Marc Bulterys Braden Hale Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Siobhan M O'Connor Tonya Mixson-Hayden Lilia Ganova-Raeva Djeneba Audrey Djibo Matthew Brown Guo-Liang Xia Saleem Kamili Marni Jacobs Maxia Dong Anne G Thomas Marc Bulterys Braden Hale |
author_sort |
Siobhan M O'Connor |
title |
Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. |
title_short |
Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. |
title_full |
Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. |
title_fullStr |
Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country. |
title_sort |
integrated hiv surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis b virus (hbv) transmission and intermediate hbv prevalence among military in uncharacterized caribbean country. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Guyana expanded its HIV response in 2005 but the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has not been characterized. METHODS:The 2011 Seroprevalence and Behavioral Epidemiology Risk Survey for HIV and STIs collected biologic specimens with demographic and behavioral data from a representative sample of Guyana military personnel. Diagnostics included commercial serum: HIV antibody; total antibody to hepatitis B core (anti-HBc); IgM anti-HBc; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); anti-HBs; antibody to HCV with confirmatory testing; and HBV DNA sequencing with S gene fragment phylogenetic analysis. Chi-square, p-values and prevalence ratios determined statistical significance. RESULTS:Among 480 participants providing serologic specimens, 176 (36.7%) tested anti-HBc-positive. Overall, 19 (4.0%) participants tested HBsAg-positive; 17 (89.5%) of the HBsAg-positive participants also had detectable anti-HBc, including 1 (5.3%) IgM anti-HBc-positive male. Four (6.8%) females with available HBV testing were HBsAg-positive, all aged 23-29 years. Sixteen (16, 84.2%) HBsAg-positive participants had sufficient specimen for DNA testing. All 16 had detectable HBV DNA, 4 with viral load >2x104IU/ml. Sequencing found: 12 genotype (gt) A1 with 99.9% genetic identity between 1 IgM anti-HBc-positive and 1 anti-HBc-negative; 2 gtD1; and 2 with insufficient specimen. No statistically significant associations between risk factors and HBV infection were identified. CONCLUSIONS:Integrated HIV surveillance identified likely recent adult HBV transmission, current HBV infection among females of reproductive age, moderate HBV infection prevalence (all gtA1 and D1), no HCV infections and low HIV frequency among Guyana military personnel. Integrated HIV surveillance helped characterize HBV and HCV epidemiology, including probable recent transmission, prompting targeted responses to control ongoing HBV transmission and examination of hepatitis B vaccine policies. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222835 |
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