SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing for an entire rural community: methods and feasibility of high-throughput testing procedures

• Main Authors: Ayesha Appa, Gabriel Chamie, Aenor Sawyer, Kimberly Baltzell, Kathryn Dippell, Salu Ribeiro, Elias Duarte, Joanna Vinden, CLIAHUB Consortium, Jonathan Kramer-Feldman, Shahryar Rahdari, Doug MacIntosh, Katherine Nicholson, Jonathan Im, Diane Havlir, Bryan Greenhouse
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2021-07-01
• Series: Archives of Public Health
• Subjects: COVID-19; COVID-19 diagnostic testing; Rural Population; Feasability Studies
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00647-8

Abstract Background Early in the pandemic, inadequate SARS-CoV-2 testing limited understanding of transmission. Chief among barriers to large-scale testing was unknown feasibility, particularly in non-urban areas. Our objective was to report methods of high-volume, comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 testing, offering one model to augment disease surveillance in a rural community. Methods A community-university partnership created an operational site used to test most residents of Bolinas, California regardless of symptoms in 4 days (April 20th – April 23rd, 2020). Prior to testing, key preparatory elements included community mobilization, pre-registration, volunteer recruitment, and data management. On day of testing, participants were directed to a testing lane after site entry. An administrator viewed the lane-specific queue and pre-prepared test kits, linked to participants’ records. Medical personnel performed sample collection, which included finger prick with blood collection to run laboratory-based antibody testing and respiratory specimen collection for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Using this 4-lane model, 1,840 participants were tested in 4 days. A median of 57 participants (IQR 47–67) were tested hourly. The fewest participants were tested on day 1 (n = 338 participants), an intentionally lower volume day, increasing to n = 571 participants on day 4. The number of testing teams was also increased to two per lane to allow simultaneous testing of multiple participants on days 2–4. Consistent staffing on all days helped optimize proficiency, and strong community partnership was essential from planning through execution. Conclusions High-volume ascertainment of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence by PCR and antibody testing was feasible when conducted in a community-led, drive-through model in a non-urban area.