Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children and adolescents. Along with significant modifications of thyroid function, HT in pediatric age can be accompanied by relevant thyroid structural alterations. Over time, benign thyroid nodules, carcinoma and, ra...
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doaj-d06653c47cbe49dcb3462ccb46d5dcd22020-11-25T00:41:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922018-10-01910.3389/fendo.2018.00565416095Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated?Laura Penta0Marta Cofini1Lucia Lanciotti2Alberto Leonardi3Nicola Principi4Susanna Esposito5Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyPediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyPediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyPediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyPediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyHashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children and adolescents. Along with significant modifications of thyroid function, HT in pediatric age can be accompanied by relevant thyroid structural alterations. Over time, benign thyroid nodules, carcinoma and, rarely, primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma can develop. However, the relationships between HT and neoplasms are poorly defined. The main aim of this paper is to discuss what is presently known regarding the coexistence of HT and thyroid tumors. Moreover, we attempt to define the pathogenesis of cancer development in children with HT. Literature analysis showed that despite its rarity and relatively promising prognosis, thyroid cancer is associated with HT. Although not all reasons for the coexistence of these diseases are clearly defined, children with HT should be considered at higher risk for thyroid cancer development. Strict correlations between high levels of serum TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies with cancer must be remembered. The same is true for the presence of nodules, especially if multiple nodules are present and ultrasonography and thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology should be promptly used in uncertain cases.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00565/fullanti-thyroid antibodiesHashinoto's diseasethyroid cancerthyroid nodulesTSH |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura Penta Marta Cofini Lucia Lanciotti Alberto Leonardi Nicola Principi Susanna Esposito |
spellingShingle |
Laura Penta Marta Cofini Lucia Lanciotti Alberto Leonardi Nicola Principi Susanna Esposito Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? Frontiers in Endocrinology anti-thyroid antibodies Hashinoto's disease thyroid cancer thyroid nodules TSH |
author_facet |
Laura Penta Marta Cofini Lucia Lanciotti Alberto Leonardi Nicola Principi Susanna Esposito |
author_sort |
Laura Penta |
title |
Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? |
title_short |
Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? |
title_full |
Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? |
title_fullStr |
Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hashimoto's Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Children: Are They Associated? |
title_sort |
hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer in children: are they associated? |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
issn |
1664-2392 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of thyroid disease in children and adolescents. Along with significant modifications of thyroid function, HT in pediatric age can be accompanied by relevant thyroid structural alterations. Over time, benign thyroid nodules, carcinoma and, rarely, primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma can develop. However, the relationships between HT and neoplasms are poorly defined. The main aim of this paper is to discuss what is presently known regarding the coexistence of HT and thyroid tumors. Moreover, we attempt to define the pathogenesis of cancer development in children with HT. Literature analysis showed that despite its rarity and relatively promising prognosis, thyroid cancer is associated with HT. Although not all reasons for the coexistence of these diseases are clearly defined, children with HT should be considered at higher risk for thyroid cancer development. Strict correlations between high levels of serum TSH and anti-thyroid antibodies with cancer must be remembered. The same is true for the presence of nodules, especially if multiple nodules are present and ultrasonography and thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology should be promptly used in uncertain cases. |
topic |
anti-thyroid antibodies Hashinoto's disease thyroid cancer thyroid nodules TSH |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00565/full |
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