Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review
This article discusses the peculiar conditions that favoured the unexpected introduction of Zika virus into the poorest northeastern region of Brazil in 2015, its speed of transmission to other Brazilian states, other Latin American countries and other regions, and the severity of related neurologic...
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doaj-d0a4c213b7ac45ffbee74fbacaa55c192020-11-24T20:53:54ZengInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da SaúdeMemórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.1678-8060112531932710.1590/0074-02760160510S0074-02762017000500319Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A ReviewCristina PossasPatricia BrasilMauro CA MarzochiAmilcar TanuriReinaldo M MartinsErnesto TA MarquesMyrna C BonaldoAntonio GP FerreiraRicardo Lourenço-de-OliveiraRita Maria R NogueiraPatricia C SequeiraKeyla BF MarzochiAkira HommaThis article discusses the peculiar conditions that favoured the unexpected introduction of Zika virus into the poorest northeastern region of Brazil in 2015, its speed of transmission to other Brazilian states, other Latin American countries and other regions, and the severity of related neurological disorders in newborns and adults. Contrasting with evidence that Zika had so far caused only mild cases in humans in the last six decades, the epidemiological scenario of this outbreak in Brazil indicates dramatic health effects: in 2015, an increase of 20-fold in notified cases of microcephaly and/or central nervous system (CNS) alterations suggestive of Zika congenital infection, followed by an exponential increase in 2016, with 2366 cumulative cases confirmed in the country by the end of December 2016. A significant increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults has also been reported. Factors involved in viral dissemination, neural pathogenesis and routes of transmission in Brazil are examined, such as the role of social and environmental factors and the controversies involved in the hypothesis of antibody-dependent enhancement, to explain the incidence of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil. Responses to the Zika outbreak and the development of new products are also discussed.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762017000500319&lng=en&tlng=enZikamicrocephalycongenital Zika syndromeneurological disorderspathogenesisepidemiology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Cristina Possas Patricia Brasil Mauro CA Marzochi Amilcar Tanuri Reinaldo M Martins Ernesto TA Marques Myrna C Bonaldo Antonio GP Ferreira Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira Rita Maria R Nogueira Patricia C Sequeira Keyla BF Marzochi Akira Homma |
spellingShingle |
Cristina Possas Patricia Brasil Mauro CA Marzochi Amilcar Tanuri Reinaldo M Martins Ernesto TA Marques Myrna C Bonaldo Antonio GP Ferreira Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira Rita Maria R Nogueira Patricia C Sequeira Keyla BF Marzochi Akira Homma Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Zika microcephaly congenital Zika syndrome neurological disorders pathogenesis epidemiology |
author_facet |
Cristina Possas Patricia Brasil Mauro CA Marzochi Amilcar Tanuri Reinaldo M Martins Ernesto TA Marques Myrna C Bonaldo Antonio GP Ferreira Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira Rita Maria R Nogueira Patricia C Sequeira Keyla BF Marzochi Akira Homma |
author_sort |
Cristina Possas |
title |
Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review |
title_short |
Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review |
title_full |
Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review |
title_fullStr |
Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Zika puzzle in Brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - A Review |
title_sort |
zika puzzle in brazil: peculiar conditions of viral introduction and dissemination - a review |
publisher |
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde |
series |
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. |
issn |
1678-8060 |
description |
This article discusses the peculiar conditions that favoured the unexpected introduction of Zika virus into the poorest northeastern region of Brazil in 2015, its speed of transmission to other Brazilian states, other Latin American countries and other regions, and the severity of related neurological disorders in newborns and adults. Contrasting with evidence that Zika had so far caused only mild cases in humans in the last six decades, the epidemiological scenario of this outbreak in Brazil indicates dramatic health effects: in 2015, an increase of 20-fold in notified cases of microcephaly and/or central nervous system (CNS) alterations suggestive of Zika congenital infection, followed by an exponential increase in 2016, with 2366 cumulative cases confirmed in the country by the end of December 2016. A significant increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults has also been reported. Factors involved in viral dissemination, neural pathogenesis and routes of transmission in Brazil are examined, such as the role of social and environmental factors and the controversies involved in the hypothesis of antibody-dependent enhancement, to explain the incidence of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil. Responses to the Zika outbreak and the development of new products are also discussed. |
topic |
Zika microcephaly congenital Zika syndrome neurological disorders pathogenesis epidemiology |
url |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762017000500319&lng=en&tlng=en |
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