| Summary: | The emblematic figure of Peruvian José Carlos Mariátegui stands out thanks to its originality in the context of 1920’s Marxism in Latin America. His theses, adopted by the Peruvian Socialist Party, embody a confrontation between theory and the social reality they are supposed to apply to, thus renewing the situation’s understanding, and of Marxism as well, particularly in the revolutionary subject’s definition. Integrating new questions such as structural racism, the vigour of native traditions and the economic characteristics of an underdevelopped country, the PSP offers a Peruvianisation of Marxism.
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