Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces
Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IP) contaminations have been detected in hospital environments. This study was conducted to determine if there was any contamination in the spaces (floors and door handles) between the hospital exit and the antineoplastic drugs (ADs) preparation and a...
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doaj-d14519d1baab41d98e3063323fb2a7742020-11-25T03:56:24ZengNofer Institute of Occupational MedicineMedycyna Pracy0465-58932353-13392020-09-0171551952910.13075/mp.5893.00931121069Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfacesNicola Mucci0Stefano Dugheri1Andrea Farioli†2Giacomo Garzaro3Venerando Rapisarda4Marcello Campagna5Alessandro Bonari6Giulio Arcangeli7University of Florence, Florence, Italy (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine)Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Occupational Medicine Unit)University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences)University of Turin, Turin, Italy (Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences)University of Catania, Catania, Italy (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine)University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health)University of Florence, Florence, Italy (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine)University of Florence, Florence, Italy (Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine)Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IP) contaminations have been detected in hospital environments. This study was conducted to determine if there was any contamination in the spaces (floors and door handles) between the hospital exit and the antineoplastic drugs (ADs) preparation and administration units. At the same time, the authors proposed a new automation of the analytical procedure to considerably decrease the time needed for sample preparation and analysis. Material and Methods To evaluate the ADs contamination of surfaces, 829 wipe tests were performed in a campaign involving 3 hospitals located in Italy. Sampling was performed using an innovative kit. The levels of ADs were measured in each wipe sample using liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole. Results On-line solid-phase extraction guarantees the construction of a robust and reproducible analytical method. The CP and IP recoveries from stainless steel, polycarbonate and polyvinyl chloride ranged >80%, and the wipe holders and the automation tested ensured desorption efficiencies close to 100% for both the ADs. Of the 552 wipes taken on the spaces between the hospital exit and the preparation, administration and pharmacy warehouse units, 22 were greater than or equal to the limit of quantification, all adjacent to the administration units. Conclusions This study provides an insight into the exposure situation against ADs residues. In order to improve environmental monitoring programs, the authors propose to evaluate the ADs contamination also outside the preparation, administration and pharmacy warehouse units. Med Pr. 2020;71(5):519–29http://www.journalssystem.com/medpr/Occupational-exposure-to-antineoplastic-drugs-in-hospital-environments-potential,121069,0,2.htmloccupational exposurecyclophosphamideantineoplastic drugsifosfamidewipe testsurface contamination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nicola Mucci Stefano Dugheri Andrea Farioli† Giacomo Garzaro Venerando Rapisarda Marcello Campagna Alessandro Bonari Giulio Arcangeli |
spellingShingle |
Nicola Mucci Stefano Dugheri Andrea Farioli† Giacomo Garzaro Venerando Rapisarda Marcello Campagna Alessandro Bonari Giulio Arcangeli Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces Medycyna Pracy occupational exposure cyclophosphamide antineoplastic drugs ifosfamide wipe test surface contamination |
author_facet |
Nicola Mucci Stefano Dugheri Andrea Farioli† Giacomo Garzaro Venerando Rapisarda Marcello Campagna Alessandro Bonari Giulio Arcangeli |
author_sort |
Nicola Mucci |
title |
Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
title_short |
Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
title_full |
Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
title_fullStr |
Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
title_sort |
occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital environments: potential risk associated with contact with cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-contaminated surfaces |
publisher |
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine |
series |
Medycyna Pracy |
issn |
0465-5893 2353-1339 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Background
Cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IP) contaminations have been detected in hospital environments. This study was conducted to determine if there was any contamination in the spaces (floors and door handles) between the hospital exit and the antineoplastic drugs (ADs) preparation and administration units. At the same time, the authors proposed a new automation of the analytical procedure to considerably decrease the time needed for sample preparation and analysis.
Material and Methods
To evaluate the ADs contamination of surfaces, 829 wipe tests were performed in a campaign involving 3 hospitals located in Italy. Sampling was performed using an innovative kit. The levels of ADs were measured in each wipe sample using liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole.
Results
On-line solid-phase extraction guarantees the construction of a robust and reproducible analytical method. The CP and IP recoveries from stainless steel, polycarbonate and polyvinyl chloride ranged >80%, and the wipe holders and the automation tested ensured desorption efficiencies close to 100% for both the ADs. Of the 552 wipes taken on the spaces between the hospital exit and the preparation, administration and pharmacy warehouse units, 22 were greater than or equal to the limit of quantification, all adjacent to the administration units.
Conclusions
This study provides an insight into the exposure situation against ADs residues. In order to improve environmental monitoring programs, the authors propose to evaluate the ADs contamination also outside the preparation, administration and pharmacy warehouse units. Med Pr. 2020;71(5):519–29 |
topic |
occupational exposure cyclophosphamide antineoplastic drugs ifosfamide wipe test surface contamination |
url |
http://www.journalssystem.com/medpr/Occupational-exposure-to-antineoplastic-drugs-in-hospital-environments-potential,121069,0,2.html |
work_keys_str_mv |
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