Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar

This paper presents millimeter wave (MMW) pulse-Doppler radar for the remote sensing of acoustic vibration for targets in motion. A key advance in this work is the development of precision motion compensation for MMW vibrometry, making it possible for a monostatic radar to extract and reproduce smal...

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Main Authors: Christopher T. Rodenbeck, Joshua B. Beun, Raghu G. Raj, Ronald D. Lipps
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8981984/
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spelling doaj-d186dcc62e8e485983fb8623c4b754a92021-03-30T02:03:26ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-018276762768610.1109/ACCESS.2020.29715228981984Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler RadarChristopher T. Rodenbeck0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-0354Joshua B. Beun1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-0250Raghu G. Raj2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-5911Ronald D. Lipps3U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USAU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA (Retired)This paper presents millimeter wave (MMW) pulse-Doppler radar for the remote sensing of acoustic vibration for targets in motion. A key advance in this work is the development of precision motion compensation for MMW vibrometry, making it possible for a monostatic radar to extract and reproduce small-scale vibrations on platforms undergoing large-scale motion. The motion compensation methodology uses a hierarchical approach combining direct and indirect estimation for the time dependent variation of target motion parameters across coherent samples in radar fast time and slow time. Additionally, the wide bandwidth commonly available at MMW allows vibrations to be selectively detected and disambiguated in range across the length of moving targets. Stretch processing compresses the received radar bandwidth by more than 10x, so that Hilbert sampling can be used to acquire quadrature samples using a single analog-to-digital converter. The resulting complex baseband response directly reproduces the target's acoustic signature. To demonstrate the technique, a 94 GHz pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) radar accurately reproduces the pitch of audio waveforms generated by a speaker in the rear of an accelerating automobile at an outdoor test range. These results should have major consequences for the development of MMW vibrometry as a remote sensing technique.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8981984/Millimeter wave radarvibrometrypulse-Doppler radarmotion compensationaudio recordingsound reproduction
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Christopher T. Rodenbeck
Joshua B. Beun
Raghu G. Raj
Ronald D. Lipps
spellingShingle Christopher T. Rodenbeck
Joshua B. Beun
Raghu G. Raj
Ronald D. Lipps
Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
IEEE Access
Millimeter wave radar
vibrometry
pulse-Doppler radar
motion compensation
audio recording
sound reproduction
author_facet Christopher T. Rodenbeck
Joshua B. Beun
Raghu G. Raj
Ronald D. Lipps
author_sort Christopher T. Rodenbeck
title Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
title_short Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
title_full Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
title_fullStr Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
title_full_unstemmed Vibrometry and Sound Reproduction of Acoustic Sources on Moving Platforms Using Millimeter Wave Pulse-Doppler Radar
title_sort vibrometry and sound reproduction of acoustic sources on moving platforms using millimeter wave pulse-doppler radar
publisher IEEE
series IEEE Access
issn 2169-3536
publishDate 2020-01-01
description This paper presents millimeter wave (MMW) pulse-Doppler radar for the remote sensing of acoustic vibration for targets in motion. A key advance in this work is the development of precision motion compensation for MMW vibrometry, making it possible for a monostatic radar to extract and reproduce small-scale vibrations on platforms undergoing large-scale motion. The motion compensation methodology uses a hierarchical approach combining direct and indirect estimation for the time dependent variation of target motion parameters across coherent samples in radar fast time and slow time. Additionally, the wide bandwidth commonly available at MMW allows vibrations to be selectively detected and disambiguated in range across the length of moving targets. Stretch processing compresses the received radar bandwidth by more than 10x, so that Hilbert sampling can be used to acquire quadrature samples using a single analog-to-digital converter. The resulting complex baseband response directly reproduces the target's acoustic signature. To demonstrate the technique, a 94 GHz pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) radar accurately reproduces the pitch of audio waveforms generated by a speaker in the rear of an accelerating automobile at an outdoor test range. These results should have major consequences for the development of MMW vibrometry as a remote sensing technique.
topic Millimeter wave radar
vibrometry
pulse-Doppler radar
motion compensation
audio recording
sound reproduction
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8981984/
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