New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strict animal pathogen. Nevertheless, the recent reports of human infections suggest a niche expansion for this subspecies, which may be a consequence of the virulence gene acquisition that increases its pathogenicity. Previ...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.686413/full |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Cinthia Alves-Barroco João Caço Catarina Roma-Rodrigues Alexandra R. Fernandes Ricardo Bexiga Manuela Oliveira Lélia Chambel Rogério Tenreiro Rosario Mato Ilda Santos-Sanches |
spellingShingle |
Cinthia Alves-Barroco João Caço Catarina Roma-Rodrigues Alexandra R. Fernandes Ricardo Bexiga Manuela Oliveira Lélia Chambel Rogério Tenreiro Rosario Mato Ilda Santos-Sanches New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates Frontiers in Microbiology Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae CRISPR typing phylogenetic relationships virulence genes phage genes |
author_facet |
Cinthia Alves-Barroco João Caço Catarina Roma-Rodrigues Alexandra R. Fernandes Ricardo Bexiga Manuela Oliveira Lélia Chambel Rogério Tenreiro Rosario Mato Ilda Santos-Sanches |
author_sort |
Cinthia Alves-Barroco |
title |
New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates |
title_short |
New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates |
title_full |
New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates |
title_fullStr |
New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates |
title_sort |
new insights on streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolates |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strict animal pathogen. Nevertheless, the recent reports of human infections suggest a niche expansion for this subspecies, which may be a consequence of the virulence gene acquisition that increases its pathogenicity. Previous studies reported the presence of virulence genes of Streptococcus pyogenes phages among bovine SDSD (collected in 2002–2003); however, the identity of these mobile genetic elements remains to be clarified. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the SDSD isolates collected in 2011–2013 and compare them with SDSD isolates collected in 2002–2003 and pyogenic streptococcus genomes available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, including human SDSD and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) strains to track temporal shifts on bovine SDSD genotypes. The very close genetic relationships between humans SDSD and SDSE were evident from the analysis of housekeeping genes, while bovine SDSD isolates seem more divergent. The results showed that all bovine SDSD harbor Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas IIA system. The widespread presence of this system among bovine SDSD isolates, high conservation of repeat sequences, and the polymorphism observed in spacer can be considered indicators of the system activity. Overall, comparative analysis shows that bovine SDSD isolates carry speK, speC, speL, speM, spd1, and sdn virulence genes of S. pyogenes prophages. Our data suggest that these genes are maintained over time and seem to be exclusively a property of bovine SDSD strains. Although the bovine SDSD genomes characterized in the present study were not sequenced, the data set, including the high homology of superantigens (SAgs) genes between bovine SDSD and S. pyogenes strains, may indicate that events of horizontal genetic transfer occurred before habitat separation. All bovine SDSD isolates were negative for genes of operon encoding streptolysin S, except for sagA gene, while the presence of this operon was detected in all SDSE and human SDSD strains. The data set of this study suggests that the separation between the subspecies “dysgalactiae” and “equisimilis” should be reconsidered. However, a study including the most comprehensive collection of strains from different environments would be required for definitive conclusions regarding the two taxa. |
topic |
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae CRISPR typing phylogenetic relationships virulence genes phage genes |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.686413/full |
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doaj-d1aabf4a656e4bd0bbc1653e7dc0a5402021-07-15T11:47:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-07-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.686413686413New Insights on Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae IsolatesCinthia Alves-Barroco0João Caço1Catarina Roma-Rodrigues2Alexandra R. Fernandes3Ricardo Bexiga4Manuela Oliveira5Lélia Chambel6Rogério Tenreiro7Rosario Mato8Ilda Santos-Sanches9UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalCentro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalBiosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício TecLabs, Lisbon, PortugalBiosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício TecLabs, Lisbon, PortugalUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology/FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, PortugalStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strict animal pathogen. Nevertheless, the recent reports of human infections suggest a niche expansion for this subspecies, which may be a consequence of the virulence gene acquisition that increases its pathogenicity. Previous studies reported the presence of virulence genes of Streptococcus pyogenes phages among bovine SDSD (collected in 2002–2003); however, the identity of these mobile genetic elements remains to be clarified. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the SDSD isolates collected in 2011–2013 and compare them with SDSD isolates collected in 2002–2003 and pyogenic streptococcus genomes available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, including human SDSD and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) strains to track temporal shifts on bovine SDSD genotypes. The very close genetic relationships between humans SDSD and SDSE were evident from the analysis of housekeeping genes, while bovine SDSD isolates seem more divergent. The results showed that all bovine SDSD harbor Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas IIA system. The widespread presence of this system among bovine SDSD isolates, high conservation of repeat sequences, and the polymorphism observed in spacer can be considered indicators of the system activity. Overall, comparative analysis shows that bovine SDSD isolates carry speK, speC, speL, speM, spd1, and sdn virulence genes of S. pyogenes prophages. Our data suggest that these genes are maintained over time and seem to be exclusively a property of bovine SDSD strains. Although the bovine SDSD genomes characterized in the present study were not sequenced, the data set, including the high homology of superantigens (SAgs) genes between bovine SDSD and S. pyogenes strains, may indicate that events of horizontal genetic transfer occurred before habitat separation. All bovine SDSD isolates were negative for genes of operon encoding streptolysin S, except for sagA gene, while the presence of this operon was detected in all SDSE and human SDSD strains. The data set of this study suggests that the separation between the subspecies “dysgalactiae” and “equisimilis” should be reconsidered. However, a study including the most comprehensive collection of strains from different environments would be required for definitive conclusions regarding the two taxa.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.686413/fullStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiaeCRISPR typingphylogenetic relationshipsvirulence genesphage genes |