The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up
BackgroundEpisodic memory disturbances were found to constitute a potential trait marker for major depression (MD). The recall of positive or rewarding information in a relational context is specifically impaired. Eye-movement recording constitutes a novel, direct approach to examine implicit memory...
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doaj-d1f353c891fc46aaa4d34a42021397f82020-11-24T23:00:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782016-11-01710.3389/fpsyg.2016.01849225931The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-upViola Luca Nemeth0Gergo Csete1Gergely Drotos2Nora Greminger3Zoltan Janka4Laszlo Vecsei5Laszlo Vecsei6Anita Must7University of SzegedUniversity of SzegedHungarian Academy of SciencesUniversity of SzegedUniversity of SzegedUniversity of SzegedMTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research GroupUniversity of SzegedBackgroundEpisodic memory disturbances were found to constitute a potential trait marker for major depression (MD). The recall of positive or rewarding information in a relational context is specifically impaired. Eye-movement recording constitutes a novel, direct approach to examine implicit memory performance. Here we aimed to assess the effect of emotional context and implicit virtual monetary reward or loss on viewing patterns in association with relational memory in a 6-months follow-up study in MD.Methods and materialsTwenty-eight patients with MD and 30 healthy participants were trained to associate a face (happy/sad/neutral) with a background scene. After each pair a virtual monetary reward or loss appeared briefly. During testing, scenes were presented as a cue and then overlaid with three previously studied faces. Participants were asked to recall the matching face if present (Match trials), with eye-movements and subsequent forced-choice recognition being recorded. ResultsExplicit recognition of the matching face was impaired in the MD group as compared to controls. In correlation with this, viewing of the matching face was significantly reduced in the MD group. We found a significant interaction of group (MD vs HC) with the relational memory condition (Match and Non-match), facial emotion and monetary reward and loss. MD patients attended longer to previously rewarded stimuli, but significantly less to sad faces in the Match condition. The relational memory impairment persisted at follow-up and correlated with symptom severity both at baseline and follow-up. Viewing patterns associated with previous virtual reward were associated with clinical symptoms at follow-up.ConclusionsOur current results provide novel evidence for a specific relational memory impairment in MD as supported by abnormal eye-movement behavior and a deficit in explicit recognition. MD patients showed an attentional bias to rewarded stimuli and decreased viewing of sad faces when relational memory information was present.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01849/fullEye-trackingfacial emotionmajor depressionrelational memoryvirtual monetary reward and loss |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Viola Luca Nemeth Gergo Csete Gergely Drotos Nora Greminger Zoltan Janka Laszlo Vecsei Laszlo Vecsei Anita Must |
spellingShingle |
Viola Luca Nemeth Gergo Csete Gergely Drotos Nora Greminger Zoltan Janka Laszlo Vecsei Laszlo Vecsei Anita Must The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up Frontiers in Psychology Eye-tracking facial emotion major depression relational memory virtual monetary reward and loss |
author_facet |
Viola Luca Nemeth Gergo Csete Gergely Drotos Nora Greminger Zoltan Janka Laszlo Vecsei Laszlo Vecsei Anita Must |
author_sort |
Viola Luca Nemeth |
title |
The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
title_short |
The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
title_full |
The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
title_fullStr |
The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
title_sort |
effect of emotion and reward contingencies on relational memory in major depression: an eye-movement study with follow-up |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
BackgroundEpisodic memory disturbances were found to constitute a potential trait marker for major depression (MD). The recall of positive or rewarding information in a relational context is specifically impaired. Eye-movement recording constitutes a novel, direct approach to examine implicit memory performance. Here we aimed to assess the effect of emotional context and implicit virtual monetary reward or loss on viewing patterns in association with relational memory in a 6-months follow-up study in MD.Methods and materialsTwenty-eight patients with MD and 30 healthy participants were trained to associate a face (happy/sad/neutral) with a background scene. After each pair a virtual monetary reward or loss appeared briefly. During testing, scenes were presented as a cue and then overlaid with three previously studied faces. Participants were asked to recall the matching face if present (Match trials), with eye-movements and subsequent forced-choice recognition being recorded. ResultsExplicit recognition of the matching face was impaired in the MD group as compared to controls. In correlation with this, viewing of the matching face was significantly reduced in the MD group. We found a significant interaction of group (MD vs HC) with the relational memory condition (Match and Non-match), facial emotion and monetary reward and loss. MD patients attended longer to previously rewarded stimuli, but significantly less to sad faces in the Match condition. The relational memory impairment persisted at follow-up and correlated with symptom severity both at baseline and follow-up. Viewing patterns associated with previous virtual reward were associated with clinical symptoms at follow-up.ConclusionsOur current results provide novel evidence for a specific relational memory impairment in MD as supported by abnormal eye-movement behavior and a deficit in explicit recognition. MD patients showed an attentional bias to rewarded stimuli and decreased viewing of sad faces when relational memory information was present. |
topic |
Eye-tracking facial emotion major depression relational memory virtual monetary reward and loss |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01849/full |
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