The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a rare early-onset degenerative disease that affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and other extraneural tissues, mainly the heart and endocrine pancreas. This disorder progresses as a mixed sensory and cerebellar ataxia, primarily disturbing the prop...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00075/full |
id |
doaj-d200de270712460d8e2f39f1fbc14e75 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-d200de270712460d8e2f39f1fbc14e752020-11-24T22:01:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-02-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00075436916The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal ModelsJosé Vicente Llorens0José Vicente Llorens1Sirena Soriano2Sirena Soriano3Pablo Calap-Quintana4Pablo Calap-Quintana5Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo6Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo7Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo8María Dolores Moltó9María Dolores Moltó10María Dolores Moltó11Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainUnit for Psychiatry and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United StatesJan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainUnit for Psychiatry and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCenter of Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Valencia, SpainAssociated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainUnit for Psychiatry and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, SpainCenter of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health CIBERSAM, Valencia, SpainFriedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a rare early-onset degenerative disease that affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and other extraneural tissues, mainly the heart and endocrine pancreas. This disorder progresses as a mixed sensory and cerebellar ataxia, primarily disturbing the proprioceptive pathways in the spinal cord, peripheral nerves and nuclei of the cerebellum. FRDA is an inherited disease with an autosomal recessive pattern caused by an insufficient amount of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein frataxin, which is an essential and highly evolutionary conserved protein whose deficit results in iron metabolism dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The first experimental evidence connecting frataxin with iron homeostasis came from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; iron accumulates in the mitochondria of yeast with deletion of the frataxin ortholog gene. This finding was soon linked to previous observations of iron deposits in the hearts of FRDA patients and was later reported in animal models of the disease. Despite advances made in the understanding of FRDA pathophysiology, the role of iron in this disease has not yet been completely clarified. Some of the questions still unresolved include the molecular mechanisms responsible for the iron accumulation and iron-mediated toxicity. Here, we review the contribution of the cellular and animal models of FRDA and relevance of the studies using FRDA patient samples to gain knowledge about these issues. Mechanisms of mitochondrial iron overload are discussed considering the potential roles of frataxin in the major mitochondrial metabolic pathways that use iron. We also analyzed the effect of iron toxicity on neuronal degeneration in FRDA by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms. Finally, therapeutic strategies based on the control of iron toxicity are considered.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00075/fullFriedreich’s ataxiafrataxinironanimal modelsoxidative stresslipid deregulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
José Vicente Llorens José Vicente Llorens Sirena Soriano Sirena Soriano Pablo Calap-Quintana Pablo Calap-Quintana Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó |
spellingShingle |
José Vicente Llorens José Vicente Llorens Sirena Soriano Sirena Soriano Pablo Calap-Quintana Pablo Calap-Quintana Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models Frontiers in Neuroscience Friedreich’s ataxia frataxin iron animal models oxidative stress lipid deregulation |
author_facet |
José Vicente Llorens José Vicente Llorens Sirena Soriano Sirena Soriano Pablo Calap-Quintana Pablo Calap-Quintana Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó María Dolores Moltó |
author_sort |
José Vicente Llorens |
title |
The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models |
title_short |
The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models |
title_full |
The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Iron in Friedreich’s Ataxia: Insights From Studies in Human Tissues and Cellular and Animal Models |
title_sort |
role of iron in friedreich’s ataxia: insights from studies in human tissues and cellular and animal models |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-453X |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a rare early-onset degenerative disease that affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and other extraneural tissues, mainly the heart and endocrine pancreas. This disorder progresses as a mixed sensory and cerebellar ataxia, primarily disturbing the proprioceptive pathways in the spinal cord, peripheral nerves and nuclei of the cerebellum. FRDA is an inherited disease with an autosomal recessive pattern caused by an insufficient amount of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein frataxin, which is an essential and highly evolutionary conserved protein whose deficit results in iron metabolism dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. The first experimental evidence connecting frataxin with iron homeostasis came from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; iron accumulates in the mitochondria of yeast with deletion of the frataxin ortholog gene. This finding was soon linked to previous observations of iron deposits in the hearts of FRDA patients and was later reported in animal models of the disease. Despite advances made in the understanding of FRDA pathophysiology, the role of iron in this disease has not yet been completely clarified. Some of the questions still unresolved include the molecular mechanisms responsible for the iron accumulation and iron-mediated toxicity. Here, we review the contribution of the cellular and animal models of FRDA and relevance of the studies using FRDA patient samples to gain knowledge about these issues. Mechanisms of mitochondrial iron overload are discussed considering the potential roles of frataxin in the major mitochondrial metabolic pathways that use iron. We also analyzed the effect of iron toxicity on neuronal degeneration in FRDA by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms. Finally, therapeutic strategies based on the control of iron toxicity are considered. |
topic |
Friedreich’s ataxia frataxin iron animal models oxidative stress lipid deregulation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00075/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT josevicentellorens theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT josevicentellorens theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT sirenasoriano theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT sirenasoriano theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pablocalapquintana theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pablocalapquintana theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto theroleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT josevicentellorens roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT josevicentellorens roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT sirenasoriano roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT sirenasoriano roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pablocalapquintana roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pablocalapquintana roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT pilargonzalezcabo roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels AT mariadoloresmolto roleofironinfriedreichsataxiainsightsfromstudiesinhumantissuesandcellularandanimalmodels |
_version_ |
1725839747958439936 |