Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprises mild courses of disease as well as progression to severe disease, characterised by lung and other organ failure. The immune system is considered to play a crucial rol...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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Series: | Viruses |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/241 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sebastian Deschler Juliane Kager Johanna Erber Lisa Fricke Plamena Koyumdzhieva Alexandra Georgieva Tobias Lahmer Johannes R. Wissner Florian Voit Jochen Schneider Julia Horstmann Roman Iakoubov Matthias Treiber Christof Winter Jürgen Ruland Dirk H. Busch Percy A. Knolle Ulrike Protzer Christoph D. Spinner Roland M. Schmid Michael Quante Katrin Böttcher |
spellingShingle |
Sebastian Deschler Juliane Kager Johanna Erber Lisa Fricke Plamena Koyumdzhieva Alexandra Georgieva Tobias Lahmer Johannes R. Wissner Florian Voit Jochen Schneider Julia Horstmann Roman Iakoubov Matthias Treiber Christof Winter Jürgen Ruland Dirk H. Busch Percy A. Knolle Ulrike Protzer Christoph D. Spinner Roland M. Schmid Michael Quante Katrin Böttcher Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients Viruses COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells |
author_facet |
Sebastian Deschler Juliane Kager Johanna Erber Lisa Fricke Plamena Koyumdzhieva Alexandra Georgieva Tobias Lahmer Johannes R. Wissner Florian Voit Jochen Schneider Julia Horstmann Roman Iakoubov Matthias Treiber Christof Winter Jürgen Ruland Dirk H. Busch Percy A. Knolle Ulrike Protzer Christoph D. Spinner Roland M. Schmid Michael Quante Katrin Böttcher |
author_sort |
Sebastian Deschler |
title |
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients |
title_short |
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full |
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients |
title_fullStr |
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 Patients |
title_sort |
mucosal-associated invariant t (mait) cells are highly activated and functionally impaired in covid-19 patients |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprises mild courses of disease as well as progression to severe disease, characterised by lung and other organ failure. The immune system is considered to play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, although especially the contribution of innate-like T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed the phenotype and function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, innate-like T cells with potent antimicrobial effector function, in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 by multicolour flow cytometry. Our data indicate that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with COVID-19, irrespective of the course of disease, and express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A and TNFa ex vivo. Of note, expression of the activation marker HLA-DR positively correlated with SAPS II score, a measure of disease severity. Upon MAIT cell-specific in vitro stimulation, MAIT cells however failed to upregulate expression of the cytokines IL-17A and TNFa, as well as cytolytic proteins, that is, granzyme B and perforin. Thus, our data point towards an altered cytokine expression profile alongside an impaired antibacterial and antiviral function of MAIT cells in COVID-19 and thereby contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. |
topic |
COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/241 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-d2053315892c4ca89501a480d6fc981a2021-02-04T00:06:14ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-02-011324124110.3390/v13020241Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells Are Highly Activated and Functionally Impaired in COVID-19 PatientsSebastian Deschler0Juliane Kager1Johanna Erber2Lisa Fricke3Plamena Koyumdzhieva4Alexandra Georgieva5Tobias Lahmer6Johannes R. Wissner7Florian Voit8Jochen Schneider9Julia Horstmann10Roman Iakoubov11Matthias Treiber12Christof Winter13Jürgen Ruland14Dirk H. Busch15Percy A. Knolle16Ulrike Protzer17Christoph D. Spinner18Roland M. Schmid19Michael Quante20Katrin Böttcher21Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyInstitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, GermanyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comprises mild courses of disease as well as progression to severe disease, characterised by lung and other organ failure. The immune system is considered to play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, although especially the contribution of innate-like T cells remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed the phenotype and function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, innate-like T cells with potent antimicrobial effector function, in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 by multicolour flow cytometry. Our data indicate that MAIT cells are highly activated in patients with COVID-19, irrespective of the course of disease, and express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A and TNFa ex vivo. Of note, expression of the activation marker HLA-DR positively correlated with SAPS II score, a measure of disease severity. Upon MAIT cell-specific in vitro stimulation, MAIT cells however failed to upregulate expression of the cytokines IL-17A and TNFa, as well as cytolytic proteins, that is, granzyme B and perforin. Thus, our data point towards an altered cytokine expression profile alongside an impaired antibacterial and antiviral function of MAIT cells in COVID-19 and thereby contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/241COVID-19SARS-CoV-2mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells |