Cyclin D1 and nuclear factor kappa B expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with oral submucous fibrosis – An analytical cross-sectional study

• Main Authors: Deepali Patekar, Sachin C Sarode, Gargi S Sarode, Pravin More
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2021-01-01
• Series: Journal of Dental Research and Review
• Subjects: cyclin d1; nuclear factor kappa b; oral squamous cell carcinoma; oral submucous fibrosis
• Online Access: http://www.jdrr.org/article.asp?issn=2348-2915;year=2021;volume=8;issue=2;spage=75;epage=81;aulast=Patekar

Background: According to statistics, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is regarded as commonest cancer of the oral and maxillofacial region, having about 83% prevalence over the recent years. The prognostic accuracy of the cancer is determined by the stage of its detection and the onset of treatment. Expression of certain immunohistochemical markers such as cyclin Dl and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and their role in prognosis at an early stage would alter the treatment planning of such cases. Aim and Objectives: To assess and determine cyclin D1 and NF-κB expression using immunohistochemistry in OSCC, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and OSCC associated with OSMF. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using 72 paraffin embedded and formalin fixed blocks of tissue retrieved from oral pathology department archives in a dental college. These bocks were categorized as cases equally divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 24 cases of OSCC; Group II consisted 24 cases of OSMF; and Group III consisted of 24 cases of OSCC-OSMF. Further, the cyclin D1 and NF-κB expression was evaluated and scoring criteria was followed by Soini et al. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Chi-square test, keeping 95% confidence intervals and having a P ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. Results: A moderate positive correlation was observed among cyclin D1 immune expression and NF-κB with the Dysplasia grades and Clinical stages in patient with OSMF, whereas a weak positive correlation was observed amongst cyclin D1 immune expression with Grades and TNM stages of OSCC patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is significant expression of cyclin D1 and NF-κB amongst OSCC, OSMF, and OSCC-OSMF cases. Therefore, they could be considered important biomarkers, which act synergistically and can be used for the evaluation of the malignant potential of oral lesions.