Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
In this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temper...
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doaj-d2584f24a438410489f22c7f1189feea2020-11-25T02:10:32ZengMDPI AGProcesses2227-97172020-04-01851651610.3390/pr8050516Thermal Biomass Conversion: A ReviewWitold M. Lewandowski0Michał Ryms1Wojciech Kosakowski2Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Gdansk University of Technology, G.Narutowicza 11/12, PL-80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Gdansk University of Technology, G.Narutowicza 11/12, PL-80-233 Gdańsk, PolandPolmos Żyrardów Sp. z o.o. (ul. Mickiewicza 1-3), PL-96-300 Żyrardów, PolandIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive model of thermal conversion as a function of temperature, pressure and heating rate of biomass has been provided. For the most important, basic process, which is pyrolysis, five mechanisms of thermal decomposition kinetics of its components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) were presented. The most important apparatuses and implementing devices have been provided for all biomass conversion methods excluding combustion. The process of combustion, which is energy recycling, was omitted in this review of biomass thermal conversion methods for two reasons. Firstly, the range of knowledge on combustion is too extensive and there is not enough space in this study to fully discuss it. Secondly, the authors believe that combustion is not an environmentally-friendly method of waste biomass utilization, and, in the case of valuable biomass, it is downright harmful. Chemical compounds contained in biomass, such as biochar, oils and gases, should be recovered and reused instead of being simply burnt—this way, non-renewable fuel consumption can be reduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/8/5/516pyrolysistorrefactionbiomassthermal conversiongasification |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Witold M. Lewandowski Michał Ryms Wojciech Kosakowski |
spellingShingle |
Witold M. Lewandowski Michał Ryms Wojciech Kosakowski Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review Processes pyrolysis torrefaction biomass thermal conversion gasification |
author_facet |
Witold M. Lewandowski Michał Ryms Wojciech Kosakowski |
author_sort |
Witold M. Lewandowski |
title |
Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review |
title_short |
Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review |
title_full |
Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review |
title_sort |
thermal biomass conversion: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Processes |
issn |
2227-9717 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
In this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive model of thermal conversion as a function of temperature, pressure and heating rate of biomass has been provided. For the most important, basic process, which is pyrolysis, five mechanisms of thermal decomposition kinetics of its components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) were presented. The most important apparatuses and implementing devices have been provided for all biomass conversion methods excluding combustion. The process of combustion, which is energy recycling, was omitted in this review of biomass thermal conversion methods for two reasons. Firstly, the range of knowledge on combustion is too extensive and there is not enough space in this study to fully discuss it. Secondly, the authors believe that combustion is not an environmentally-friendly method of waste biomass utilization, and, in the case of valuable biomass, it is downright harmful. Chemical compounds contained in biomass, such as biochar, oils and gases, should be recovered and reused instead of being simply burnt—this way, non-renewable fuel consumption can be reduced. |
topic |
pyrolysis torrefaction biomass thermal conversion gasification |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/8/5/516 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT witoldmlewandowski thermalbiomassconversionareview AT michałryms thermalbiomassconversionareview AT wojciechkosakowski thermalbiomassconversionareview |
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