One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide or fatty acid diethanolamides (FADs) were prepared from a variety of triglycerides using diethanolamine in the presence of different transition metal-doped CaO nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalysts. The Zn-doped Cao nanospheroids were found to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dinesh Kumar, Chan Hee Park, Cheol Sang Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-09-01
Series:Catalysts
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/9/774
Description
Summary:<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide or fatty acid diethanolamides (FADs) were prepared from a variety of triglycerides using diethanolamine in the presence of different transition metal-doped CaO nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalysts. The Zn-doped Cao nanospheroids were found to be the most efficient heterogeneous catalyst, with complete conversion of natural triglycerides to fatty acid diethanolamide in 30 min at 90 &#176;C. The Zn/CaO nanoparticles were recyclable for up to six reaction cycles and showed complete conversion even at room temperature. The amidation reaction of natural triglycerides was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the first-order rate constant was calculated as 0.171 min<sup>&#8722;1</sup> for jatropha oil aminolysis. The activation energy (<i>E</i>a) and pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) for the same reaction were found to be 47.8 kJ mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup> and 4.75 &#215; 10<sup>8</sup> min<sup>&#8722;1</sup>, respectively.
ISSN:2073-4344