One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst
<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide or fatty acid diethanolamides (FADs) were prepared from a variety of triglycerides using diethanolamine in the presence of different transition metal-doped CaO nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalysts. The Zn-doped Cao nanospheroids were found to...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-09-01
|
| Series: | Catalysts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/9/774 |
| id |
doaj-d26331807cc74f26b974d8116b6ed7f4 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
Article |
| spelling |
doaj-d26331807cc74f26b974d8116b6ed7f42020-11-24T20:53:31ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442019-09-019977410.3390/catal9090774catal9090774One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous CatalystDinesh Kumar0Chan Hee Park1Cheol Sang Kim2Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561756, KoreaDepartment of Bionanosystem Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561756, KoreaDepartment of Bionanosystem Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561756, Korea<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide or fatty acid diethanolamides (FADs) were prepared from a variety of triglycerides using diethanolamine in the presence of different transition metal-doped CaO nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalysts. The Zn-doped Cao nanospheroids were found to be the most efficient heterogeneous catalyst, with complete conversion of natural triglycerides to fatty acid diethanolamide in 30 min at 90 °C. The Zn/CaO nanoparticles were recyclable for up to six reaction cycles and showed complete conversion even at room temperature. The amidation reaction of natural triglycerides was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the first-order rate constant was calculated as 0.171 min<sup>−1</sup> for jatropha oil aminolysis. The activation energy (<i>E</i>a) and pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) for the same reaction were found to be 47.8 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and 4.75 × 10<sup>8</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/9/774nanospheroidszinc-doped CaOnatural triglyceridesaminolysisheterogeneous catalystrecyclability |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Dinesh Kumar Chan Hee Park Cheol Sang Kim |
| spellingShingle |
Dinesh Kumar Chan Hee Park Cheol Sang Kim One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst Catalysts nanospheroids zinc-doped CaO natural triglycerides aminolysis heterogeneous catalyst recyclability |
| author_facet |
Dinesh Kumar Chan Hee Park Cheol Sang Kim |
| author_sort |
Dinesh Kumar |
| title |
One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst |
| title_short |
One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst |
| title_full |
One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst |
| title_fullStr |
One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed |
One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of <i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) Alkylamide from Triglycerides Using Zinc-Doped Calcium Oxide Nanospheroids as a Heterogeneous Catalyst |
| title_sort |
one-pot solvent-free synthesis of <i>n,n</i>-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide from triglycerides using zinc-doped calcium oxide nanospheroids as a heterogeneous catalyst |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Catalysts |
| issn |
2073-4344 |
| publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
| description |
<i>N,N</i>-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamide or fatty acid diethanolamides (FADs) were prepared from a variety of triglycerides using diethanolamine in the presence of different transition metal-doped CaO nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalysts. The Zn-doped Cao nanospheroids were found to be the most efficient heterogeneous catalyst, with complete conversion of natural triglycerides to fatty acid diethanolamide in 30 min at 90 °C. The Zn/CaO nanoparticles were recyclable for up to six reaction cycles and showed complete conversion even at room temperature. The amidation reaction of natural triglycerides was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the first-order rate constant was calculated as 0.171 min<sup>−1</sup> for jatropha oil aminolysis. The activation energy (<i>E</i>a) and pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) for the same reaction were found to be 47.8 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and 4.75 × 10<sup>8</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. |
| topic |
nanospheroids zinc-doped CaO natural triglycerides aminolysis heterogeneous catalyst recyclability |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/9/9/774 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT dineshkumar onepotsolventfreesynthesisofinnibis2hydroxyethylalkylamidefromtriglyceridesusingzincdopedcalciumoxidenanospheroidsasaheterogeneouscatalyst AT chanheepark onepotsolventfreesynthesisofinnibis2hydroxyethylalkylamidefromtriglyceridesusingzincdopedcalciumoxidenanospheroidsasaheterogeneouscatalyst AT cheolsangkim onepotsolventfreesynthesisofinnibis2hydroxyethylalkylamidefromtriglyceridesusingzincdopedcalciumoxidenanospheroidsasaheterogeneouscatalyst |
| _version_ |
1716797151828246528 |