A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous Herpesviridae virus with a wide spectrum of pathology in humans. Host immunity is a major determinant of the clinical manifestation of CMV and can vary widely in the gastroenterology and hepatology practice setting. Immunocompetent patients generally devel...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6156581 |
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doaj-d2f6975b41264cfa85c1e86639968c1a2020-11-25T00:07:02ZengHindawi LimitedGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-61211687-630X2019-01-01201910.1155/2019/61565816156581A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and HepatologyAli Y. Fakhreddine0Catherine T. Frenette1Gauree G. Konijeti2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USAHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous Herpesviridae virus with a wide spectrum of pathology in humans. Host immunity is a major determinant of the clinical manifestation of CMV and can vary widely in the gastroenterology and hepatology practice setting. Immunocompetent patients generally develop a benign, self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome whereas gastrointestinal tissue-invasive disease is more frequently seen in immunocompromised and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Additionally, liver allograft dysfunction is a significant consequence of CMV infection in liver transplant patients. While polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques allow for the reliable and accurate detection of CMV in the human host, the diagnostic value of different serologic, endoscopic, and histologic tests depends on a variety of factors. Similarly, latent CMV, CMV infection, and CMV disease carry different significance depending on the patient population, and the decision to initiate antiviral therapy can be complex and patient-specific. This review will focus on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CMV in patient populations relevant to the practice of gastroenterology and hepatology—liver transplant recipients, inflammatory bowel disease patients, and otherwise immunocompetent patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6156581 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ali Y. Fakhreddine Catherine T. Frenette Gauree G. Konijeti |
spellingShingle |
Ali Y. Fakhreddine Catherine T. Frenette Gauree G. Konijeti A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
author_facet |
Ali Y. Fakhreddine Catherine T. Frenette Gauree G. Konijeti |
author_sort |
Ali Y. Fakhreddine |
title |
A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
title_short |
A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
title_full |
A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
title_fullStr |
A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Practical Review of Cytomegalovirus in Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
title_sort |
practical review of cytomegalovirus in gastroenterology and hepatology |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
issn |
1687-6121 1687-630X |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous Herpesviridae virus with a wide spectrum of pathology in humans. Host immunity is a major determinant of the clinical manifestation of CMV and can vary widely in the gastroenterology and hepatology practice setting. Immunocompetent patients generally develop a benign, self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome whereas gastrointestinal tissue-invasive disease is more frequently seen in immunocompromised and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Additionally, liver allograft dysfunction is a significant consequence of CMV infection in liver transplant patients. While polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques allow for the reliable and accurate detection of CMV in the human host, the diagnostic value of different serologic, endoscopic, and histologic tests depends on a variety of factors. Similarly, latent CMV, CMV infection, and CMV disease carry different significance depending on the patient population, and the decision to initiate antiviral therapy can be complex and patient-specific. This review will focus on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CMV in patient populations relevant to the practice of gastroenterology and hepatology—liver transplant recipients, inflammatory bowel disease patients, and otherwise immunocompetent patients. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6156581 |
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