Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing
Tissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and structure to host tissue formation. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing may be used to form foamed scaffolds in which the escape of CO2 from a plasticized polymer melt generates gas bubbles that shape the developing pores. T...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
AO Research Institute Davos
2007-12-01
|
Series: | European Cells & Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol014/pdf/v014a07.pdf |
id |
doaj-d34aa67dafd44011ab3176bed8279f56 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-d34aa67dafd44011ab3176bed8279f562020-11-25T01:06:42Zeng AO Research Institute DavosEuropean Cells & Materials1473-22622007-12-01146477Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processingH TaiM L MatherD HowardW WangL J WhiteJ A CroweS P MorganA ChandraD J WilliamsS M HowdleK M ShakesheffTissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and structure to host tissue formation. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing may be used to form foamed scaffolds in which the escape of CO2 from a plasticized polymer melt generates gas bubbles that shape the developing pores. The process of forming these scaffolds involves a simultaneous change in phase in the CO2 and the polymer, resulting in rapid expansion of a surface area and changes in polymer rheological properties. Hence, the process is difficult to control with respect to the desired final pore size and structure. In this paper, we describe a detailed study of the effect of polymer chemical composition, molecular weight and processing parameters on final scaffold characteristics. The study focuses on poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as polymer classes with potential application as controlled release scaffolds for growth factor delivery. Processing parameters under investigation were temperature (from 5 to 55oC) and pressure (from 60 to 230 bar). A series of amorphous PDLLA and PLGA polymers with various molecular weights (from 13 KD to 96 KD) and/or chemical compositions (the mole percentage of glycolic acid in the polymers was 0, 15, 25, 35 and 50 respectively) were employed. The resulting scaffolds were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro X-ray computed tomography (µCT). This is the first detailed study on using these series polymers for scaffold formation by supercritical technique. This study has demonstrated that the pore size and structure of the supercritical PDLLA and PLGA scaffolds can be tailored by careful control of processing conditions.http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol014/pdf/v014a07.pdfpoly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA)poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)plasticizationfoamingscaffolds |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
H Tai M L Mather D Howard W Wang L J White J A Crowe S P Morgan A Chandra D J Williams S M Howdle K M Shakesheff |
spellingShingle |
H Tai M L Mather D Howard W Wang L J White J A Crowe S P Morgan A Chandra D J Williams S M Howdle K M Shakesheff Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing European Cells & Materials poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) plasticization foaming scaffolds |
author_facet |
H Tai M L Mather D Howard W Wang L J White J A Crowe S P Morgan A Chandra D J Williams S M Howdle K M Shakesheff |
author_sort |
H Tai |
title |
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
title_short |
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
title_full |
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
title_fullStr |
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
title_sort |
control of pore size and structure of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by supercritical fluid processing |
publisher |
AO Research Institute Davos |
series |
European Cells & Materials |
issn |
1473-2262 |
publishDate |
2007-12-01 |
description |
Tissue engineering scaffolds require a controlled pore size and structure to host tissue formation. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing may be used to form foamed scaffolds in which the escape of CO2 from a plasticized polymer melt generates gas bubbles that shape the developing pores. The process of forming these scaffolds involves a simultaneous change in phase in the CO2 and the polymer, resulting in rapid expansion of a surface area and changes in polymer rheological properties. Hence, the process is difficult to control with respect to the desired final pore size and structure. In this paper, we describe a detailed study of the effect of polymer chemical composition, molecular weight and processing parameters on final scaffold characteristics. The study focuses on poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as polymer classes with potential application as controlled release scaffolds for growth factor delivery. Processing parameters under investigation were temperature (from 5 to 55oC) and pressure (from 60 to 230 bar). A series of amorphous PDLLA and PLGA polymers with various molecular weights (from 13 KD to 96 KD) and/or chemical compositions (the mole percentage of glycolic acid in the polymers was 0, 15, 25, 35 and 50 respectively) were employed. The resulting scaffolds were characterised by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro X-ray computed tomography (µCT). This is the first detailed study on using these series polymers for scaffold formation by supercritical technique. This study has demonstrated that the pore size and structure of the supercritical PDLLA and PLGA scaffolds can be tailored by careful control of processing conditions. |
topic |
poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) plasticization foaming scaffolds |
url |
http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol014/pdf/v014a07.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT htai controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT mlmather controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT dhoward controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT wwang controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT ljwhite controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT jacrowe controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT spmorgan controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT achandra controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT djwilliams controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT smhowdle controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing AT kmshakesheff controlofporesizeandstructureoftissueengineeringscaffoldsproducedbysupercriticalfluidprocessing |
_version_ |
1725188665670369280 |