Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children
Nutrition has been known as a predominant factor associated with stunting. However, some studies have discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth, known as the VDR gene. The aim of this study was to assess the association between VDR gene polymorphism and dietary...
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doaj-d3851d6d980547339ae2f3b2a04be4dd2021-09-26T00:50:38ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-08-01132904290410.3390/nu13092904Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age ChildrenTiffany Cornelia Angelin0Saptawati Bardosono1Dewi Shinta2Umi Fahmida3Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON)-Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia—Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaSoutheast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON)-Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaSoutheast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON)-Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaNutrition has been known as a predominant factor associated with stunting. However, some studies have discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth, known as the VDR gene. The aim of this study was to assess the association between VDR gene polymorphism and dietary intake towards height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of elementary school children in Malang District, East Java. This study analyzed the baseline of a randomized trial in East Java, Indonesia. School children aged 8–10 years old (<i>n</i> = 142) were included in this study. Energy, protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes were obtained using 4-day 24-h dietary recalls. Two SNPs located in the promoter region of VDR gene were selected (rs11568820 and rs4516035) and analyzed using Real-Time PCR. The result showed a significant correlation between energy and protein intake with HAZ of the children (<i>p</i> = 0.030 and <i>p</i> = 0.016, respectively). The association between VDR gene and HAZ was not found (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Adjusted by other factors, protein intake was significantly correlated with HAZ (β = 0.034, 95% CI 0.015–0.052, <i>p</i> < 0.001, adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.089). The children in our study had a favorable VDR gene genotype, however the effect of VDR gene promoter activity might not be revealed due to very low vitamin D and calcium intake to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption which in turn affects HAZ.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2904stuntingchildrenheight-for-age z-score (HAZ)dietary intakeVDR geneIndonesia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tiffany Cornelia Angelin Saptawati Bardosono Dewi Shinta Umi Fahmida |
spellingShingle |
Tiffany Cornelia Angelin Saptawati Bardosono Dewi Shinta Umi Fahmida Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children Nutrients stunting children height-for-age z-score (HAZ) dietary intake VDR gene Indonesia |
author_facet |
Tiffany Cornelia Angelin Saptawati Bardosono Dewi Shinta Umi Fahmida |
author_sort |
Tiffany Cornelia Angelin |
title |
Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children |
title_short |
Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children |
title_full |
Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children |
title_fullStr |
Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children |
title_sort |
growth, dietary intake, and vitamin d receptor (vdr) promoter genotype in indonesian school-age children |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Nutrition has been known as a predominant factor associated with stunting. However, some studies have discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth, known as the VDR gene. The aim of this study was to assess the association between VDR gene polymorphism and dietary intake towards height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of elementary school children in Malang District, East Java. This study analyzed the baseline of a randomized trial in East Java, Indonesia. School children aged 8–10 years old (<i>n</i> = 142) were included in this study. Energy, protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes were obtained using 4-day 24-h dietary recalls. Two SNPs located in the promoter region of VDR gene were selected (rs11568820 and rs4516035) and analyzed using Real-Time PCR. The result showed a significant correlation between energy and protein intake with HAZ of the children (<i>p</i> = 0.030 and <i>p</i> = 0.016, respectively). The association between VDR gene and HAZ was not found (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Adjusted by other factors, protein intake was significantly correlated with HAZ (β = 0.034, 95% CI 0.015–0.052, <i>p</i> < 0.001, adj. R<sup>2</sup> = 0.089). The children in our study had a favorable VDR gene genotype, however the effect of VDR gene promoter activity might not be revealed due to very low vitamin D and calcium intake to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption which in turn affects HAZ. |
topic |
stunting children height-for-age z-score (HAZ) dietary intake VDR gene Indonesia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2904 |
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