Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis

Brucellosis is one of the most important foodborne infectious diseases distributed widely in low- and middle-income countries. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors that influence the distribution of Brucella in sheep. A structured questionnaire was prepare...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohanad Faris Abdulhameed, Moaed Hanoon Sayhood, Ali Balbool Aldeewan, Tareq Hadi Srayyih
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2020-12-01
Series:Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://microbiologyjournal.org/assessment-of-seroprevalence-and-the-risk-factors-of-sheep-brucellosis-in-basrah-southern-iraq-a-challenge-to-prospectively-control-brucellosis/
id doaj-d3aa3dd4770c4e40a1654e6d58ac2f03
record_format Article
spelling doaj-d3aa3dd4770c4e40a1654e6d58ac2f032021-10-02T18:58:29ZengJournal of Pure and Applied MicrobiologyJournal of Pure and Applied Microbiology0973-75102581-690X2020-12-011442543255410.22207/JPAM.14.4.30Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control BrucellosisMohanad Faris Abdulhameedhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-5226Moaed Hanoon Sayhoodhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-3916Ali Balbool Aldeewanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-0089Tareq Hadi Srayyihhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-9772Brucellosis is one of the most important foodborne infectious diseases distributed widely in low- and middle-income countries. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors that influence the distribution of Brucella in sheep. A structured questionnaire was prepared and introduced to a total of 60 resident owners from five counties, and 400 sheep blood samples were randomly collected from the selected herds. The sera of isolated sheep were tested for Brucella spp. using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT). A univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors linked to animal management and husbandry practices at the farm level. The overall prevalence estimated for brucellosis was 31% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 26.5–35.8). The odds of seroprevalence in sheep >1 year were significantly higher than those in sheep ≤1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% Cl: 1.41–3.44). The logistic regression outcomes revealed that two variables related to the management and practices at the farm level were significantly associated with the seroprevalence of brucellosis. These variables were sheep sheep grazing with other flocks (OR: 5.8, 95 Cl% Cl: 1.53–22.67) and the practice of lending ram among sheep owners (OR: 9.3, 95% Cl: 1.05–83.82). Unconfined domesticated dogs, improper handling of aborted ewes, introduction of new animals in a herd, (purchased), and lack of knowledge about brucellosis among owners were underlined to be further important factors that could influence the spread of brucellosis. This study concluded that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Basrah, and the animal vaccination control program with an integrated health education program for sheep owners are obligatory elements of the prevention measures needed to be established to minimize the risk of brucellosis in Basrah.https://microbiologyjournal.org/assessment-of-seroprevalence-and-the-risk-factors-of-sheep-brucellosis-in-basrah-southern-iraq-a-challenge-to-prospectively-control-brucellosis/seroprevalence of brucellosisrisk factorsquestionnaire surveysheep ownersbasrah province
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Mohanad Faris Abdulhameed
Moaed Hanoon Sayhood
Ali Balbool Aldeewan
Tareq Hadi Srayyih
spellingShingle Mohanad Faris Abdulhameed
Moaed Hanoon Sayhood
Ali Balbool Aldeewan
Tareq Hadi Srayyih
Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
seroprevalence of brucellosis
risk factors
questionnaire survey
sheep owners
basrah province
author_facet Mohanad Faris Abdulhameed
Moaed Hanoon Sayhood
Ali Balbool Aldeewan
Tareq Hadi Srayyih
author_sort Mohanad Faris Abdulhameed
title Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
title_short Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
title_full Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
title_fullStr Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
title_sort assessment of seroprevalence and the risk factors of sheep brucellosis in basrah (southern iraq): a challenge to prospectively control brucellosis
publisher Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
series Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
issn 0973-7510
2581-690X
publishDate 2020-12-01
description Brucellosis is one of the most important foodborne infectious diseases distributed widely in low- and middle-income countries. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors that influence the distribution of Brucella in sheep. A structured questionnaire was prepared and introduced to a total of 60 resident owners from five counties, and 400 sheep blood samples were randomly collected from the selected herds. The sera of isolated sheep were tested for Brucella spp. using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT). A univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors linked to animal management and husbandry practices at the farm level. The overall prevalence estimated for brucellosis was 31% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 26.5–35.8). The odds of seroprevalence in sheep >1 year were significantly higher than those in sheep ≤1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% Cl: 1.41–3.44). The logistic regression outcomes revealed that two variables related to the management and practices at the farm level were significantly associated with the seroprevalence of brucellosis. These variables were sheep sheep grazing with other flocks (OR: 5.8, 95 Cl% Cl: 1.53–22.67) and the practice of lending ram among sheep owners (OR: 9.3, 95% Cl: 1.05–83.82). Unconfined domesticated dogs, improper handling of aborted ewes, introduction of new animals in a herd, (purchased), and lack of knowledge about brucellosis among owners were underlined to be further important factors that could influence the spread of brucellosis. This study concluded that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Basrah, and the animal vaccination control program with an integrated health education program for sheep owners are obligatory elements of the prevention measures needed to be established to minimize the risk of brucellosis in Basrah.
topic seroprevalence of brucellosis
risk factors
questionnaire survey
sheep owners
basrah province
url https://microbiologyjournal.org/assessment-of-seroprevalence-and-the-risk-factors-of-sheep-brucellosis-in-basrah-southern-iraq-a-challenge-to-prospectively-control-brucellosis/
work_keys_str_mv AT mohanadfarisabdulhameed assessmentofseroprevalenceandtheriskfactorsofsheepbrucellosisinbasrahsoutherniraqachallengetoprospectivelycontrolbrucellosis
AT moaedhanoonsayhood assessmentofseroprevalenceandtheriskfactorsofsheepbrucellosisinbasrahsoutherniraqachallengetoprospectivelycontrolbrucellosis
AT alibalboolaldeewan assessmentofseroprevalenceandtheriskfactorsofsheepbrucellosisinbasrahsoutherniraqachallengetoprospectivelycontrolbrucellosis
AT tareqhadisrayyih assessmentofseroprevalenceandtheriskfactorsofsheepbrucellosisinbasrahsoutherniraqachallengetoprospectivelycontrolbrucellosis
_version_ 1716848376241192960