The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated in...
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doaj-d4620e4d5f4b4f6cba37581e7cdec4c82020-11-24T21:51:01ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152011-08-01381320133110.3390/v3081320The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot PatternsYoshimi AkahataAnna AbramsSteven JacobsonHuman T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by the presence of antibodies against either gp46 or gp62/68 (both Env protein bands) and either p19, p24, or p53 (one of the gag bands). HTLV-II seropositivity is confirmed by the presence of rgp46-II. However, numerous cases have been documented in which serum samples are reactive by EIA, but an incomplete banding pattern is displayed by subsequent confirmatory WB. Although the significance of these HTLV-I/II seroindeterminates is unclear, it may suggest a much higher incidence of exposure to HTLV-I/II than previously estimated.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/8/1320/HTLV-IseroindeterminateWestern blot |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yoshimi Akahata Anna Abrams Steven Jacobson |
spellingShingle |
Yoshimi Akahata Anna Abrams Steven Jacobson The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns Viruses HTLV-I seroindeterminate Western blot |
author_facet |
Yoshimi Akahata Anna Abrams Steven Jacobson |
author_sort |
Yoshimi Akahata |
title |
The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_short |
The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_full |
The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_fullStr |
The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Prevalence and Significance of HTLV-I/II Seroindeterminate Western Blot Patterns |
title_sort |
prevalence and significance of htlv-i/ii seroindeterminate western blot patterns |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2011-08-01 |
description |
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects an estimated 15–20 million persons worldwide. A number of diseases have been associated with the virus including adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-I uveitis, and HTLV-I-associated infective dermatitis. Once it was shown that there is an increased risk for developing HAM/TSP associated with blood transfusion, screening for HTLV-1 among blood banks was implemented in Japan, United States, France, and the Netherlands. This process includes detection by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by a confirmatory Western blot (WB) in which recombinant proteins specific for HTLV-I Env glycoproteins are incorporated into WB strips. HTLV-I seropositive results are defined by the presence of antibodies against either gp46 or gp62/68 (both Env protein bands) and either p19, p24, or p53 (one of the gag bands). HTLV-II seropositivity is confirmed by the presence of rgp46-II. However, numerous cases have been documented in which serum samples are reactive by EIA, but an incomplete banding pattern is displayed by subsequent confirmatory WB. Although the significance of these HTLV-I/II seroindeterminates is unclear, it may suggest a much higher incidence of exposure to HTLV-I/II than previously estimated. |
topic |
HTLV-I seroindeterminate Western blot |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/8/1320/ |
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