Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments
A common method for investigating pragmatic processing and its development in children is to have participants make binary judgments of underinformative (UI) statements such as Some elephants are mammals. Rejection of such statements indicates that a (not-all) scalar implicature has been computed. A...
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doaj-d48a98f3f470418982af95da6b4594c72020-11-24T21:18:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782019-03-011010.3389/fpsyg.2019.00510397658Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded JudgmentsLes Sikos0Minjae Kim1Daniel J. Grodner2Department of Language Science and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United StatesA common method for investigating pragmatic processing and its development in children is to have participants make binary judgments of underinformative (UI) statements such as Some elephants are mammals. Rejection of such statements indicates that a (not-all) scalar implicature has been computed. Acceptance of UI statements is typically taken as evidence that the perceiver has not computed an implicature. Under this assumption, the results of binary judgment studies in children and adults suggest that computing an implicature may be cognitively costly. For instance, children under 7 years of age are systematically more likely to accept UI statements compared to adults. This makes sense if children have fewer processing resources than adults. However, Katsos and Bishop (2011) found that young children are able to detect violations of informativeness when given graded rather than binary response options. They propose that children simply have a greater tolerance for pragmatic violations than do adults. The present work examines whether this pragmatic tolerance plays a role in adult binary judgment tasks. We manipulated social attributes of a speaker in an attempt to influence how accepting a perceiver might be of the speaker’s utterances. This manipulation affected acceptability rates for binary judgments (Experiment 1) but not for graded judgments (Experiment 2). These results raise concerns about the widespread use of binary choice tasks for investigating pragmatic processing and undermine the existing evidence suggesting that computing scalar implicatures is costly.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00510/fulllanguagepragmaticsinferencepragmatic tolerancescalar implicaturetruth value judgment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Les Sikos Minjae Kim Daniel J. Grodner |
spellingShingle |
Les Sikos Minjae Kim Daniel J. Grodner Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments Frontiers in Psychology language pragmatics inference pragmatic tolerance scalar implicature truth value judgment |
author_facet |
Les Sikos Minjae Kim Daniel J. Grodner |
author_sort |
Les Sikos |
title |
Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments |
title_short |
Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments |
title_full |
Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments |
title_fullStr |
Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Social Context Modulates Tolerance for Pragmatic Violations in Binary but Not Graded Judgments |
title_sort |
social context modulates tolerance for pragmatic violations in binary but not graded judgments |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
A common method for investigating pragmatic processing and its development in children is to have participants make binary judgments of underinformative (UI) statements such as Some elephants are mammals. Rejection of such statements indicates that a (not-all) scalar implicature has been computed. Acceptance of UI statements is typically taken as evidence that the perceiver has not computed an implicature. Under this assumption, the results of binary judgment studies in children and adults suggest that computing an implicature may be cognitively costly. For instance, children under 7 years of age are systematically more likely to accept UI statements compared to adults. This makes sense if children have fewer processing resources than adults. However, Katsos and Bishop (2011) found that young children are able to detect violations of informativeness when given graded rather than binary response options. They propose that children simply have a greater tolerance for pragmatic violations than do adults. The present work examines whether this pragmatic tolerance plays a role in adult binary judgment tasks. We manipulated social attributes of a speaker in an attempt to influence how accepting a perceiver might be of the speaker’s utterances. This manipulation affected acceptability rates for binary judgments (Experiment 1) but not for graded judgments (Experiment 2). These results raise concerns about the widespread use of binary choice tasks for investigating pragmatic processing and undermine the existing evidence suggesting that computing scalar implicatures is costly. |
topic |
language pragmatics inference pragmatic tolerance scalar implicature truth value judgment |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00510/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lessikos socialcontextmodulatestoleranceforpragmaticviolationsinbinarybutnotgradedjudgments AT minjaekim socialcontextmodulatestoleranceforpragmaticviolationsinbinarybutnotgradedjudgments AT danieljgrodner socialcontextmodulatestoleranceforpragmaticviolationsinbinarybutnotgradedjudgments |
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