The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury
The pathobiology of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), including degenerative myelopathy, is influenced by neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammatory response is initiated by a multitude of injury signals emanating from necrotic and apoptotic cells at the lesion site, recruiting loca...
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doaj-d4b053814e964d6392a8ae0c8a9968452021-09-26T00:22:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-01229706970610.3390/ijms22189706The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord InjurySydney Brockie0James Hong1Michael G. Fehlings2Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaDivision of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaDivision of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaThe pathobiology of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), including degenerative myelopathy, is influenced by neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammatory response is initiated by a multitude of injury signals emanating from necrotic and apoptotic cells at the lesion site, recruiting local and infiltrating immune cells that modulate inflammatory cascades to aid in the protection of the lesion site and encourage regenerative processes. While peripheral immune cells are involved, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are known to play a central role in modulating this response. Microglia are armed with numerous cell surface receptors that interact with neurons, astrocytes, infiltrating monocytes, and endothelial cells to facilitate a dynamic, multi-faceted injury response. While their origin and essential nature are understood, their mechanisms of action and spatial and temporal profiles warrant extensive additional research. In this review, we describe the role of microglia and the cellular network in SCI, discuss tools for their investigation, outline their spatiotemporal profile, and propose translationally-relevant therapeutic targets to modulate neuroinflammation in the setting of SCI.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9706spinal cord injurymicroglianeuroinflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sydney Brockie James Hong Michael G. Fehlings |
spellingShingle |
Sydney Brockie James Hong Michael G. Fehlings The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury International Journal of Molecular Sciences spinal cord injury microglia neuroinflammation |
author_facet |
Sydney Brockie James Hong Michael G. Fehlings |
author_sort |
Sydney Brockie |
title |
The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury |
title_short |
The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full |
The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury |
title_fullStr |
The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of Microglia in Modulating Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury |
title_sort |
role of microglia in modulating neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The pathobiology of traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), including degenerative myelopathy, is influenced by neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammatory response is initiated by a multitude of injury signals emanating from necrotic and apoptotic cells at the lesion site, recruiting local and infiltrating immune cells that modulate inflammatory cascades to aid in the protection of the lesion site and encourage regenerative processes. While peripheral immune cells are involved, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are known to play a central role in modulating this response. Microglia are armed with numerous cell surface receptors that interact with neurons, astrocytes, infiltrating monocytes, and endothelial cells to facilitate a dynamic, multi-faceted injury response. While their origin and essential nature are understood, their mechanisms of action and spatial and temporal profiles warrant extensive additional research. In this review, we describe the role of microglia and the cellular network in SCI, discuss tools for their investigation, outline their spatiotemporal profile, and propose translationally-relevant therapeutic targets to modulate neuroinflammation in the setting of SCI. |
topic |
spinal cord injury microglia neuroinflammation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9706 |
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