PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties
Ionic substitutions within the hydroxyapatite lattice are a widely used approach to mimic the chemical composition of the bone mineral. In this work, Sr-substituted and Mg- and Sr-co-substituted calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds, with various levels of strontium and magnesium substitution, were prep...
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doaj-d55aafd059f047619fd65138722bbcc12021-08-26T14:00:24ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-08-01144403440310.3390/ma14164403PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced PropertiesLeonard Bauer0Maja Antunović1Gloria Gallego-Ferrer2Marica Ivanković3Hrvoje Ivanković4Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb, CroatiaCentre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb, CroatiaIonic substitutions within the hydroxyapatite lattice are a widely used approach to mimic the chemical composition of the bone mineral. In this work, Sr-substituted and Mg- and Sr-co-substituted calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds, with various levels of strontium and magnesium substitution, were prepared using the hydrothermal method at 200 °C. Calcium carbonate skeletons of cuttlefish bone, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), strontium nitrate (Sr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), and magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) were used as reagents. Materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Whole powder pattern decomposition refinements of XRD data indicated that increased magnesium content in the Mg- and Sr-co-substituted scaffolds was related to an increased proportion of the whitlockite (WH) phase in the biphasic hydroxyapatite (HAp)/WH scaffolds. In addition, refinements indicate that Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions have replaced Ca<sup>2+</sup> sites in the WH phase. Furthermore, PCL-coated Mg-substituted and Sr- and Mg-co-substituted scaffolds, with the HAp:WH wt. ratio of 90:10 were prepared by vacuum impregnation. Results of compression tests showed a positive impact of the WH phase and PCL coating on the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on composite scaffolds in an osteogenic medium for 21 days. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Mg-Sr-CaP/PCL scaffold exhibited higher expression of collagen type I than the Mg-CaP/PCL scaffold, indicating the positive effect of Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions on the differentiation of hMSCs, in concordance with histology results. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed an early stage of osteogenic differentiation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/16/4403scaffoldhydroxyapatitewhitlockiteMgSrco-substitution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leonard Bauer Maja Antunović Gloria Gallego-Ferrer Marica Ivanković Hrvoje Ivanković |
spellingShingle |
Leonard Bauer Maja Antunović Gloria Gallego-Ferrer Marica Ivanković Hrvoje Ivanković PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties Materials scaffold hydroxyapatite whitlockite Mg Sr co-substitution |
author_facet |
Leonard Bauer Maja Antunović Gloria Gallego-Ferrer Marica Ivanković Hrvoje Ivanković |
author_sort |
Leonard Bauer |
title |
PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties |
title_short |
PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties |
title_full |
PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties |
title_fullStr |
PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties |
title_full_unstemmed |
PCL-Coated Multi-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties |
title_sort |
pcl-coated multi-substituted calcium phosphate bone scaffolds with enhanced properties |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Ionic substitutions within the hydroxyapatite lattice are a widely used approach to mimic the chemical composition of the bone mineral. In this work, Sr-substituted and Mg- and Sr-co-substituted calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds, with various levels of strontium and magnesium substitution, were prepared using the hydrothermal method at 200 °C. Calcium carbonate skeletons of cuttlefish bone, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), strontium nitrate (Sr(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), and magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) were used as reagents. Materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Whole powder pattern decomposition refinements of XRD data indicated that increased magnesium content in the Mg- and Sr-co-substituted scaffolds was related to an increased proportion of the whitlockite (WH) phase in the biphasic hydroxyapatite (HAp)/WH scaffolds. In addition, refinements indicate that Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions have replaced Ca<sup>2+</sup> sites in the WH phase. Furthermore, PCL-coated Mg-substituted and Sr- and Mg-co-substituted scaffolds, with the HAp:WH wt. ratio of 90:10 were prepared by vacuum impregnation. Results of compression tests showed a positive impact of the WH phase and PCL coating on the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on composite scaffolds in an osteogenic medium for 21 days. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Mg-Sr-CaP/PCL scaffold exhibited higher expression of collagen type I than the Mg-CaP/PCL scaffold, indicating the positive effect of Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions on the differentiation of hMSCs, in concordance with histology results. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed an early stage of osteogenic differentiation. |
topic |
scaffold hydroxyapatite whitlockite Mg Sr co-substitution |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/16/4403 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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