Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception
Background: Breastfeeding has effects on health throughout the lives of mothers and babies. In 2014 in Italy, 10,976 babies were born through ART (assisted reproductive technology), accounting for 2.2% of annual births. The study aims to assess how both social and biological variables and the mode o...
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doaj-d574400e0b3d4900aec239744ce939cd2021-02-02T00:01:56ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-02-011111011010.3390/life11020110Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of ConceptionPaola Pileri0Ilenia di Bartolo1Martina Ilaria Mazzocco2Giovanni Casazza3Sofia Giani4Irene Cetin5Valeria Maria Savasi6Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via L. Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Woman, Child and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via L. Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Woman, Child and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via L. Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Woman, Child and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via L. Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, ItalyBackground: Breastfeeding has effects on health throughout the lives of mothers and babies. In 2014 in Italy, 10,976 babies were born through ART (assisted reproductive technology), accounting for 2.2% of annual births. The study aims to assess how both social and biological variables and the mode of conception influence breastfeeding. Methods: This observational study involves 161 pregnancies from three different modes of conception: homologous in vitro fertilization, ovum donation, and spontaneous pregnancies. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were collected from the hospital database, while breastfeeding outcomes were obtained through telephone interviews. Results: The mode of conception did not influence any of the breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeeding duration was negatively affected by smoking. Vaginal delivery, birth weight > 2500 g, delivery > 37 gestational weeks, breastfeeding intention, and rooming-in are positively associated with the initiation of breastfeeding, while skin-to-skin contact and receiving information concerning breastfeeding are the most significant variables associated with its exclusivity and duration. Conclusions: The duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding are mainly related with information thereon, promotion, and breastfeeding support, but not with the mode of conception. It is essential to adequately support women from the outset in breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/110breastfeedingassisted reproductive technologymode of conceptionovum donation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Paola Pileri Ilenia di Bartolo Martina Ilaria Mazzocco Giovanni Casazza Sofia Giani Irene Cetin Valeria Maria Savasi |
spellingShingle |
Paola Pileri Ilenia di Bartolo Martina Ilaria Mazzocco Giovanni Casazza Sofia Giani Irene Cetin Valeria Maria Savasi Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception Life breastfeeding assisted reproductive technology mode of conception ovum donation |
author_facet |
Paola Pileri Ilenia di Bartolo Martina Ilaria Mazzocco Giovanni Casazza Sofia Giani Irene Cetin Valeria Maria Savasi |
author_sort |
Paola Pileri |
title |
Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception |
title_short |
Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception |
title_full |
Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception |
title_fullStr |
Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception |
title_full_unstemmed |
Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception |
title_sort |
breastfeeding: biological and social variables in different modes of conception |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Life |
issn |
2075-1729 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Background: Breastfeeding has effects on health throughout the lives of mothers and babies. In 2014 in Italy, 10,976 babies were born through ART (assisted reproductive technology), accounting for 2.2% of annual births. The study aims to assess how both social and biological variables and the mode of conception influence breastfeeding. Methods: This observational study involves 161 pregnancies from three different modes of conception: homologous in vitro fertilization, ovum donation, and spontaneous pregnancies. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were collected from the hospital database, while breastfeeding outcomes were obtained through telephone interviews. Results: The mode of conception did not influence any of the breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeeding duration was negatively affected by smoking. Vaginal delivery, birth weight > 2500 g, delivery > 37 gestational weeks, breastfeeding intention, and rooming-in are positively associated with the initiation of breastfeeding, while skin-to-skin contact and receiving information concerning breastfeeding are the most significant variables associated with its exclusivity and duration. Conclusions: The duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding are mainly related with information thereon, promotion, and breastfeeding support, but not with the mode of conception. It is essential to adequately support women from the outset in breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. |
topic |
breastfeeding assisted reproductive technology mode of conception ovum donation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/110 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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