Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan
Background: Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall, accounting for an estimated 300 000 annual deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the second most common cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV screening is not a common practi...
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doaj-d61d9e4bbb204f42b9ec66680e5a03202020-11-24T22:35:01ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97121878-35112018-01-0166C838910.1016/j.ijid.2017.11.009Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, PakistanHafsa Aziz0Huma Iqbal1Humera Mahmood2Shazia Fatima3Mohammad Faheem4Areej Abdul Sattar5Sobia Tabassum6Sanum Napper7Syeda Batool8Nuzhat Rasheed9Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, PakistanInternational Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanNuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, PakistanNuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, PakistanNuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, PakistanInternational Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanInternational Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanPakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, PakistanPakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, PakistanSheikh Zayed Medical Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, PakistanBackground: Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall, accounting for an estimated 300 000 annual deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the second most common cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV screening is not a common practice in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV and HPV types in women with a normal cytology of the cervix living in the upper and lower regions of Punjab, Pakistan, and to analyze the risk factors for HPV in this region. Methods: PCR analysis was performed for 1011 female patients with a normal cytology of the cervix from various districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Risk factors for the acquisition of HPV were studied. High-risk HPV types (HPV16 and HPV18) were detected using the Abbott Real Time HR HPV test. To determine the genotype, partial L1 region sequences of HPV-positive samples were subjected to sequencing using MY/09/MY11 primers, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using CLC software. Results: The study found a 4.74% prevalence of HPV, with the most frequent HPV type found being the low-risk HPV6 (in 25% of infected individuals), followed by HPV55 (22.9%), HPV11 (20.8%), and high-risk types HPV45 (12.5%), HPV33 (8.33%), HPV18 (6.25%), and HPV16 (4.16%). Phylogenetic analysis of all HPV types in this study showed 80–99% nucleotide identity with types related to the same species. The sequences were clustered with China, India, Mexico, Iran, Slovenia, and Germany, showing the diversity in origin of the various genotypes prevalent in Pakistan. Conclusions: In this population with a normal cervical cytology, the prevalence of high-risk HPV types was very low. The major prevalent HPV genotype in Punjab Province of Pakistan was the low-risk HPV type 6, followed by HPV type 55. Sequencing of the partial L1 region suggested that the region was highly conserved in all reported sequences. This study highlights the need to conduct robust epidemiological studies in the region and to develop regular HPV screening so that the situation does not reach an alarming stage resulting in cervical cancer.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971217302916Human papillomavirusHPVPhylogenetic analysisHR-HPVLR-HPV |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hafsa Aziz Huma Iqbal Humera Mahmood Shazia Fatima Mohammad Faheem Areej Abdul Sattar Sobia Tabassum Sanum Napper Syeda Batool Nuzhat Rasheed |
spellingShingle |
Hafsa Aziz Huma Iqbal Humera Mahmood Shazia Fatima Mohammad Faheem Areej Abdul Sattar Sobia Tabassum Sanum Napper Syeda Batool Nuzhat Rasheed Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan International Journal of Infectious Diseases Human papillomavirus HPV Phylogenetic analysis HR-HPV LR-HPV |
author_facet |
Hafsa Aziz Huma Iqbal Humera Mahmood Shazia Fatima Mohammad Faheem Areej Abdul Sattar Sobia Tabassum Sanum Napper Syeda Batool Nuzhat Rasheed |
author_sort |
Hafsa Aziz |
title |
Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan |
title_short |
Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan |
title_full |
Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan |
title_fullStr |
Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan |
title_sort |
human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in punjab, pakistan |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
issn |
1201-9712 1878-3511 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Background: Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer overall, accounting for an estimated 300 000 annual deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the second most common cause of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV screening is not a common practice in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV and HPV types in women with a normal cytology of the cervix living in the upper and lower regions of Punjab, Pakistan, and to analyze the risk factors for HPV in this region.
Methods: PCR analysis was performed for 1011 female patients with a normal cytology of the cervix from various districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Risk factors for the acquisition of HPV were studied. High-risk HPV types (HPV16 and HPV18) were detected using the Abbott Real Time HR HPV test. To determine the genotype, partial L1 region sequences of HPV-positive samples were subjected to sequencing using MY/09/MY11 primers, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using CLC software.
Results: The study found a 4.74% prevalence of HPV, with the most frequent HPV type found being the low-risk HPV6 (in 25% of infected individuals), followed by HPV55 (22.9%), HPV11 (20.8%), and high-risk types HPV45 (12.5%), HPV33 (8.33%), HPV18 (6.25%), and HPV16 (4.16%). Phylogenetic analysis of all HPV types in this study showed 80–99% nucleotide identity with types related to the same species. The sequences were clustered with China, India, Mexico, Iran, Slovenia, and Germany, showing the diversity in origin of the various genotypes prevalent in Pakistan.
Conclusions: In this population with a normal cervical cytology, the prevalence of high-risk HPV types was very low. The major prevalent HPV genotype in Punjab Province of Pakistan was the low-risk HPV type 6, followed by HPV type 55. Sequencing of the partial L1 region suggested that the region was highly conserved in all reported sequences. This study highlights the need to conduct robust epidemiological studies in the region and to develop regular HPV screening so that the situation does not reach an alarming stage resulting in cervical cancer. |
topic |
Human papillomavirus HPV Phylogenetic analysis HR-HPV LR-HPV |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971217302916 |
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