Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review
Objectives To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective during the early phases of the pandemic.Design Systematic review.Methods Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken until 8 May 2020. Govern...
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Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2020-12-01
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Series: | BMJ Global Health |
Online Access: | https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/12/e003097.full |
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English |
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DOAJ |
author |
Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva Murtaza Kadhum Noel Peter Roba Khundkar Abdullah Saleh Archith Kamath Anant Jani Zara Markovic-Obiago Zoe Li Soham Bandyopadhyay Ronnie E Baticulon Muath Alser Daniel K Ojuka Yara Badereddin Sai Arathi Parepalli Grace Brown Sara Iharchane Sofia Gandino Samuel Scott Emery Manirambona Asif Machhada Aditi Aggarwal Lydia Benazaize Mina Ibrahim David Kim Isabel Tol Elliott H Taylor Alexandra Knighton Dorothy Bbaale Duha Jasim Heba Alghoul Henna Reddy Hibatullah Abuelgasim Kirandeep Saini Alicia Sigler Leenah Abuelgasim Mario Moran-Romero Mary Kumarendran Najlaa Abu Jamie Omaima Ali Raghav Sudarshan Riley Dean Sonam Kelzang Sophie Roche Tazin Ahsan Yethrib Mohamed Andile Maqhawe Dube Grace Paida Gwini Rashidah Gwokyala Robin Brown Mohammad Rabiul Karim Khan Papon Salvador Sun Ruzats Somy Charuvila Khalil Khalidy Nkosikhona Moyo Osaid Alser Arielis Solano Eduardo Robles-Perez Aiman Tariq Mariam Gaddah Spyros Kolovos Faith C Muchemwa Amanda Gosman Rumi Kisyova |
spellingShingle |
Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva Murtaza Kadhum Noel Peter Roba Khundkar Abdullah Saleh Archith Kamath Anant Jani Zara Markovic-Obiago Zoe Li Soham Bandyopadhyay Ronnie E Baticulon Muath Alser Daniel K Ojuka Yara Badereddin Sai Arathi Parepalli Grace Brown Sara Iharchane Sofia Gandino Samuel Scott Emery Manirambona Asif Machhada Aditi Aggarwal Lydia Benazaize Mina Ibrahim David Kim Isabel Tol Elliott H Taylor Alexandra Knighton Dorothy Bbaale Duha Jasim Heba Alghoul Henna Reddy Hibatullah Abuelgasim Kirandeep Saini Alicia Sigler Leenah Abuelgasim Mario Moran-Romero Mary Kumarendran Najlaa Abu Jamie Omaima Ali Raghav Sudarshan Riley Dean Sonam Kelzang Sophie Roche Tazin Ahsan Yethrib Mohamed Andile Maqhawe Dube Grace Paida Gwini Rashidah Gwokyala Robin Brown Mohammad Rabiul Karim Khan Papon Salvador Sun Ruzats Somy Charuvila Khalil Khalidy Nkosikhona Moyo Osaid Alser Arielis Solano Eduardo Robles-Perez Aiman Tariq Mariam Gaddah Spyros Kolovos Faith C Muchemwa Amanda Gosman Rumi Kisyova Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review BMJ Global Health |
author_facet |
Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva Murtaza Kadhum Noel Peter Roba Khundkar Abdullah Saleh Archith Kamath Anant Jani Zara Markovic-Obiago Zoe Li Soham Bandyopadhyay Ronnie E Baticulon Muath Alser Daniel K Ojuka Yara Badereddin Sai Arathi Parepalli Grace Brown Sara Iharchane Sofia Gandino Samuel Scott Emery Manirambona Asif Machhada Aditi Aggarwal Lydia Benazaize Mina Ibrahim David Kim Isabel Tol Elliott H Taylor Alexandra Knighton Dorothy Bbaale Duha Jasim Heba Alghoul Henna Reddy Hibatullah Abuelgasim Kirandeep Saini Alicia Sigler Leenah Abuelgasim Mario Moran-Romero Mary Kumarendran Najlaa Abu Jamie Omaima Ali Raghav Sudarshan Riley Dean Sonam Kelzang Sophie Roche Tazin Ahsan Yethrib Mohamed Andile Maqhawe Dube Grace Paida Gwini Rashidah Gwokyala Robin Brown Mohammad Rabiul Karim Khan Papon Salvador Sun Ruzats Somy Charuvila Khalil Khalidy Nkosikhona Moyo Osaid Alser Arielis Solano Eduardo Robles-Perez Aiman Tariq Mariam Gaddah Spyros Kolovos Faith C Muchemwa Amanda Gosman Rumi Kisyova |
author_sort |
Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva |
title |
Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review |
title_short |
Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review |
title_full |
Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review |
title_fullStr |
Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review |
title_sort |
infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from covid-19: a systematic review |
publisher |
BMJ Publishing Group |
series |
BMJ Global Health |
issn |
2059-7908 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Objectives To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective during the early phases of the pandemic.Design Systematic review.Methods Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken until 8 May 2020. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. There were no restrictions on language, information sources used, publication status and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist or the National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tools were used to appraise each source of evidence.Outcome measures Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19-specific data, demographics of affected HCWs and public health measures employed.Results A total of 152 888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%, n=14 058) and nurses (38.6%, n=10 706), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%, n=550) and doctors (51.4%, n=525). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.2 deaths reported per 100 infections for HCWs aged over 70 years. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119 628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7).Conclusions COVID-19 infections and deaths among HCWs follow that of the general population around the world. The reasons for gender and specialty differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported in Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs. |
url |
https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/12/e003097.full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-d6ab0e91861f41718363c8b11f4b170e2021-01-21T22:00:13ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082020-12-0151210.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic reviewRafael Pinedo-Villanueva0Murtaza Kadhum1Noel Peter2Roba Khundkar3Abdullah Saleh4Archith Kamath5Anant Jani6Zara Markovic-Obiago7Zoe Li8Soham Bandyopadhyay9Ronnie E Baticulon10Muath Alser11Daniel K Ojuka12Yara Badereddin13Sai Arathi Parepalli14Grace Brown15Sara Iharchane16Sofia Gandino17Samuel Scott18Emery Manirambona19Asif Machhada20Aditi Aggarwal21Lydia Benazaize22Mina Ibrahim23David Kim24Isabel Tol25Elliott H Taylor26Alexandra Knighton27Dorothy Bbaale28Duha Jasim29Heba Alghoul30Henna Reddy31Hibatullah Abuelgasim32Kirandeep Saini33Alicia Sigler34Leenah Abuelgasim35Mario Moran-Romero36Mary Kumarendran37Najlaa Abu Jamie38Omaima Ali39Raghav Sudarshan40Riley Dean41Sonam Kelzang42Sophie Roche43Tazin Ahsan44Yethrib Mohamed45Andile Maqhawe Dube46Grace Paida Gwini47Rashidah Gwokyala48Robin Brown49Mohammad Rabiul Karim Khan Papon50Salvador Sun Ruzats51Somy Charuvila52Khalil Khalidy53Nkosikhona Moyo54Osaid Alser55Arielis Solano56Eduardo Robles-Perez57Aiman Tariq58Mariam Gaddah59Spyros Kolovos60Faith C Muchemwa61Amanda Gosman62Rumi Kisyova63Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKcore surgical traineeOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKDepartment of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKSwansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, Neath Port Talbot, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKPhilippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, The PhilippinesKasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Surgery, University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, KenyaFaculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, State of PalestineOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKDipartimento di medicina clinica e sperimentale, University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, ItalyDipartimento di medicina clinica e sperimentale, University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardia, ItalyOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKUniversity of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, RwandaNorth Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKNorth Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKMbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Mbarara, UgandaOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKIslamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of PalestineOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKShriners Ambulatory Clinic, Tijuana, MexicoOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKPalestinian Ministry of Health, Gaza, State of PalestineOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAGelephu Central Regional Referral Hospital, Gelephu, BhutanOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKSheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, BangladeshOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKNational University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, ZimbabweNational University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, ZimbabweGulu University Faculty of Medicine, Gulu, UgandaOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKSheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, BangladeshUniversity of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, Kirklees, UKOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKIslamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of PalestineNational University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Bulawayo, ZimbabweOxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKConnectMed International, Dominican Republic, Dominican RepublicInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoJinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PakistanLancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UKNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UKParirenyatwa Hospital, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaNorth Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UKObjectives To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective during the early phases of the pandemic.Design Systematic review.Methods Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken until 8 May 2020. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. There were no restrictions on language, information sources used, publication status and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist or the National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tools were used to appraise each source of evidence.Outcome measures Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19-specific data, demographics of affected HCWs and public health measures employed.Results A total of 152 888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%, n=14 058) and nurses (38.6%, n=10 706), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%, n=550) and doctors (51.4%, n=525). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.2 deaths reported per 100 infections for HCWs aged over 70 years. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119 628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7).Conclusions COVID-19 infections and deaths among HCWs follow that of the general population around the world. The reasons for gender and specialty differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported in Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs.https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/12/e003097.full |