Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Austr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/12/5145 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem Pádraig J. Duignan Ashley Banyard Michelle Barbieri Kathleen M Colegrove Sylvain De Guise Giovanni Di Guardo Andrew Dobson Mariano Domingo Deborah Fauquier Antonio Fernandez Tracey Goldstein Bryan Grenfell Kátia R. Groch Frances Gulland Brenda A Jensen Paul D Jepson Ailsa Hall Thijs Kuiken Sandro Mazzariol Sinead E Morris Ole Nielsen Juan A Raga Teresa K Rowles Jeremy Saliki Eva Sierra Nahiid Stephens Brett Stone Ikuko Tomo Jianning Wang Thomas Waltzek James FX Wellehan |
| spellingShingle |
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem Pádraig J. Duignan Ashley Banyard Michelle Barbieri Kathleen M Colegrove Sylvain De Guise Giovanni Di Guardo Andrew Dobson Mariano Domingo Deborah Fauquier Antonio Fernandez Tracey Goldstein Bryan Grenfell Kátia R. Groch Frances Gulland Brenda A Jensen Paul D Jepson Ailsa Hall Thijs Kuiken Sandro Mazzariol Sinead E Morris Ole Nielsen Juan A Raga Teresa K Rowles Jeremy Saliki Eva Sierra Nahiid Stephens Brett Stone Ikuko Tomo Jianning Wang Thomas Waltzek James FX Wellehan Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Viruses cetacean morbillivirus epidemics mass stranding SLAM phylogeny pathogenesis diagnosis endemic infections |
| author_facet |
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem Pádraig J. Duignan Ashley Banyard Michelle Barbieri Kathleen M Colegrove Sylvain De Guise Giovanni Di Guardo Andrew Dobson Mariano Domingo Deborah Fauquier Antonio Fernandez Tracey Goldstein Bryan Grenfell Kátia R. Groch Frances Gulland Brenda A Jensen Paul D Jepson Ailsa Hall Thijs Kuiken Sandro Mazzariol Sinead E Morris Ole Nielsen Juan A Raga Teresa K Rowles Jeremy Saliki Eva Sierra Nahiid Stephens Brett Stone Ikuko Tomo Jianning Wang Thomas Waltzek James FX Wellehan |
| author_sort |
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem |
| title |
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_short |
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_full |
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr |
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_sort |
cetacean morbillivirus: current knowledge and future directions |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Viruses |
| issn |
1999-4915 |
| publishDate |
2014-12-01 |
| description |
We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported. |
| topic |
cetacean morbillivirus epidemics mass stranding SLAM phylogeny pathogenesis diagnosis endemic infections |
| url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/12/5145 |
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doaj-d6b77b1449cd47faa41948894b336dec2020-11-24T22:28:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152014-12-016125145518110.3390/v6125145v6125145Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future DirectionsMarie-Françoise Van Bressem0Pádraig J. Duignan1Ashley Banyard2Michelle Barbieri3Kathleen M Colegrove4Sylvain De Guise5Giovanni Di Guardo6Andrew Dobson7Mariano Domingo8Deborah Fauquier9Antonio Fernandez10Tracey Goldstein11Bryan Grenfell12Kátia R. Groch13Frances Gulland14Brenda A Jensen15Paul D Jepson16Ailsa Hall17Thijs Kuiken18Sandro Mazzariol19Sinead E Morris20Ole Nielsen21Juan A Raga22Teresa K Rowles23Jeremy Saliki24Eva Sierra25Nahiid Stephens26Brett Stone27Ikuko Tomo28Jianning Wang29Thomas Waltzek30James FX Wellehan31Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group (CMED), Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Pucusana, Lima 20, PeruDepartment of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4Z6, CanadaWildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Disease Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKThe Marine Mammal Centre, Sausalito, CA 94965, USAZoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Maywood, IL 60153 , USADepartment of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, and Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USAFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USACentre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, SpainNational Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USADepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35413, SpainOne Health Institute School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-207, BrazilThe Marine Mammal Centre, Sausalito, CA 94965, USADepartment of Natural Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USAInstitute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UKSea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, UKDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The NetherlandsDepartment of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua 35020, ItalyDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USADepartment of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 , CanadaMarine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia 22085, SpainNational Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USAAthens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA GA 30602 , USADepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35413, SpainSchool of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Western Australia, AustraliaQML Vetnostics, Metroplex on Gateway, Murarrie, Queensland 4172, AustraliaSouth Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, AustraliaCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, Victoria 3220, AustraliaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAWe review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/12/5145cetacean morbillivirusepidemicsmass strandingSLAMphylogenypathogenesisdiagnosisendemic infections |