Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease
A growing body of evidence emphasizes the important role exosomes in different physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes, virus-size extracellular vesicles (EVs), carry a complex molecular cargo, which is actively processed in the endocytic compartment of parental cells. Exosomes carry and...
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doaj-d6bef86d7c6346bdac48e3c06bb13c482020-11-25T01:36:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-09-012019468410.3390/ijms20194684ijms20194684Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and DiseaseNils Ludwig0Theresa L. Whiteside1Torsten E. Reichert2Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyA growing body of evidence emphasizes the important role exosomes in different physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes, virus-size extracellular vesicles (EVs), carry a complex molecular cargo, which is actively processed in the endocytic compartment of parental cells. Exosomes carry and deliver this cargo to recipient cells, serving as an intercellular communication system. The methods for recovery of exosomes from supernatants of cell lines or body fluids are not uniformly established. Yet, studies of the quality and quantity of exosome cargos underlie the concept of “liquid biopsy.” Exosomes are emerging as a potentially useful diagnostic tool and a predictor of disease progression, response to therapy and overall survival. Although many novel approaches to exosome isolation and analysis of their cargos have been introduced, the role of exosomes as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of disease remains unconfirmed. This review considers existing challenges to exosome validation as disease biomarkers. Focusing on advantages and limitations of methods for exosome isolation and characterization, approaches are proposed to facilitate further progress in the development of exosomes as biomarkers in human disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4684exosomesextracellular vesicles (EVs)exosome isolationbiomarkersdrug deliverytumor-derived exosomes (TEX) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nils Ludwig Theresa L. Whiteside Torsten E. Reichert |
spellingShingle |
Nils Ludwig Theresa L. Whiteside Torsten E. Reichert Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences exosomes extracellular vesicles (EVs) exosome isolation biomarkers drug delivery tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) |
author_facet |
Nils Ludwig Theresa L. Whiteside Torsten E. Reichert |
author_sort |
Nils Ludwig |
title |
Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease |
title_short |
Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease |
title_full |
Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease |
title_fullStr |
Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease |
title_sort |
challenges in exosome isolation and analysis in health and disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-09-01 |
description |
A growing body of evidence emphasizes the important role exosomes in different physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes, virus-size extracellular vesicles (EVs), carry a complex molecular cargo, which is actively processed in the endocytic compartment of parental cells. Exosomes carry and deliver this cargo to recipient cells, serving as an intercellular communication system. The methods for recovery of exosomes from supernatants of cell lines or body fluids are not uniformly established. Yet, studies of the quality and quantity of exosome cargos underlie the concept of “liquid biopsy.” Exosomes are emerging as a potentially useful diagnostic tool and a predictor of disease progression, response to therapy and overall survival. Although many novel approaches to exosome isolation and analysis of their cargos have been introduced, the role of exosomes as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of disease remains unconfirmed. This review considers existing challenges to exosome validation as disease biomarkers. Focusing on advantages and limitations of methods for exosome isolation and characterization, approaches are proposed to facilitate further progress in the development of exosomes as biomarkers in human disease. |
topic |
exosomes extracellular vesicles (EVs) exosome isolation biomarkers drug delivery tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4684 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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