An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial
Abstract Background Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at the primary care level represents the major source of antibiotic misuse in healthcare, and is a major driver for antimicrobial resistance worldwide. In this study we will develop, pilot and evaluate the...
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2020-05-01
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04303-4 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chao Zhuo Xiaolin Wei Zhitong Zhang Joseph Paul Hicks Jinkun Zheng Zhixu Chen Victoria Haldane John Walley Yubao Guan Hongyan Xu Nanshan Zhong |
spellingShingle |
Chao Zhuo Xiaolin Wei Zhitong Zhang Joseph Paul Hicks Jinkun Zheng Zhixu Chen Victoria Haldane John Walley Yubao Guan Hongyan Xu Nanshan Zhong An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial Trials Antibiotic Stewardship Primary care Smart phone app Cluster-randomised controlled trial Acute respiratory infections |
author_facet |
Chao Zhuo Xiaolin Wei Zhitong Zhang Joseph Paul Hicks Jinkun Zheng Zhixu Chen Victoria Haldane John Walley Yubao Guan Hongyan Xu Nanshan Zhong |
author_sort |
Chao Zhuo |
title |
An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
title_short |
An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
title_full |
An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
title_fullStr |
An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
title_full_unstemmed |
An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
title_sort |
antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Trials |
issn |
1745-6215 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at the primary care level represents the major source of antibiotic misuse in healthcare, and is a major driver for antimicrobial resistance worldwide. In this study we will develop, pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive antibiotic stewardship programme in China’s primary care hospitals to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections among all ages. Methods We will use a parallel-group, cluster-randomised, controlled, superiority trial with blinded outcome evaluation but unblinded treatment (providers and patients). We will randomise 34 primary care hospitals from two counties within Guangdong province into the intervention and control arm (1:1 overall ratio) stratified by county (8:9 within-county ratio). In the control arm, antibiotic prescribing and management will continue through usual care. In the intervention arm, we will implement an antibiotic stewardship programme targeting family physicians and patients/caregivers. The family physician components include: (1) training using new operational guidelines, (2) improved management and peer-review of antibiotic prescribing, (3) improved electronic medical records and smart phone app facilitation. The patient/caregiver component involves patient education via family physicians, leaflets and videos. The primary outcome is the proportion of prescriptions for acute respiratory infections (excluding pneumonia) that contain any antibiotic(s). Secondary outcomes will address how frequently specific classes of antibiotics are prescribed, how frequently key non-antibiotic alternatives are prescribed and the costs of consultations. We will conduct a qualitative process evaluation to explore operational questions regarding acceptability, cultural appropriateness and burden of technology use, as well as a cost-effectiveness analysis and a long-term benefit evaluation. The duration of the intervention will be 12 months, with another 24 months’ post-trial long-term follow-up. Discussion Our study is one of the first trials to evaluate the effect of an antibiotic stewardship programme in primary care settings in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC). All interventional activities will be designed to be embedded into routine primary care with strong local ownership. Through the trial we intend to impact on clinical practice and national policy in antibiotic prescription for primary care facilities in rural China and other LMICs. Trial registration ISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN96892547 . Registered on 18 August 2019. |
topic |
Antibiotic Stewardship Primary care Smart phone app Cluster-randomised controlled trial Acute respiratory infections |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04303-4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-d6eb84bfea264121a90a31970832571b2020-11-25T03:15:13ZengBMCTrials1745-62152020-05-0121111410.1186/s13063-020-04303-4An antibiotic stewardship programme to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in rural Chinese primary care facilities: study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trialChao Zhuo0Xiaolin Wei1Zhitong Zhang2Joseph Paul Hicks3Jinkun Zheng4Zhixu Chen5Victoria Haldane6John Walley7Yubao Guan8Hongyan Xu9Nanshan Zhong10National Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Great Bay, Guangzhou Medical UniversityDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of LeedsYuebei People’s HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Great Bay, Guangzhou Medical UniversityNational Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Great Bay, Guangzhou Medical UniversityNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of LeedsNational Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Great Bay, Guangzhou Medical UniversityYuebei People’s HospitalNational Center for Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Great Bay, Guangzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Background Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at the primary care level represents the major source of antibiotic misuse in healthcare, and is a major driver for antimicrobial resistance worldwide. In this study we will develop, pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive antibiotic stewardship programme in China’s primary care hospitals to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections among all ages. Methods We will use a parallel-group, cluster-randomised, controlled, superiority trial with blinded outcome evaluation but unblinded treatment (providers and patients). We will randomise 34 primary care hospitals from two counties within Guangdong province into the intervention and control arm (1:1 overall ratio) stratified by county (8:9 within-county ratio). In the control arm, antibiotic prescribing and management will continue through usual care. In the intervention arm, we will implement an antibiotic stewardship programme targeting family physicians and patients/caregivers. The family physician components include: (1) training using new operational guidelines, (2) improved management and peer-review of antibiotic prescribing, (3) improved electronic medical records and smart phone app facilitation. The patient/caregiver component involves patient education via family physicians, leaflets and videos. The primary outcome is the proportion of prescriptions for acute respiratory infections (excluding pneumonia) that contain any antibiotic(s). Secondary outcomes will address how frequently specific classes of antibiotics are prescribed, how frequently key non-antibiotic alternatives are prescribed and the costs of consultations. We will conduct a qualitative process evaluation to explore operational questions regarding acceptability, cultural appropriateness and burden of technology use, as well as a cost-effectiveness analysis and a long-term benefit evaluation. The duration of the intervention will be 12 months, with another 24 months’ post-trial long-term follow-up. Discussion Our study is one of the first trials to evaluate the effect of an antibiotic stewardship programme in primary care settings in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC). All interventional activities will be designed to be embedded into routine primary care with strong local ownership. Through the trial we intend to impact on clinical practice and national policy in antibiotic prescription for primary care facilities in rural China and other LMICs. Trial registration ISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN96892547 . Registered on 18 August 2019.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-020-04303-4AntibioticStewardshipPrimary careSmart phone appCluster-randomised controlled trialAcute respiratory infections |