Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols
Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture stud...
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Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
2015-09-01
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doaj-d733f94777994d259ed5483491852c292020-11-25T03:44:23ZengCanadian Society for Pharmaceutical SciencesJournal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences1482-18262015-09-0118410.18433/J3GC84Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and StanolsDhiaa A Taha0Ellen K Wasan1Kishor M Wasan2Pavel Gershkovich3University of NottinghamUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of Nottingham Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/view/24961 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dhiaa A Taha Ellen K Wasan Kishor M Wasan Pavel Gershkovich |
spellingShingle |
Dhiaa A Taha Ellen K Wasan Kishor M Wasan Pavel Gershkovich Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
author_facet |
Dhiaa A Taha Ellen K Wasan Kishor M Wasan Pavel Gershkovich |
author_sort |
Dhiaa A Taha |
title |
Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols |
title_short |
Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols |
title_full |
Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols |
title_fullStr |
Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols |
title_sort |
lipid-lowering activity of natural and semi-synthetic sterols and stanols |
publisher |
Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences |
series |
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
issn |
1482-1826 |
publishDate |
2015-09-01 |
description |
Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid.
This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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url |
https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/view/24961 |
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