Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults
There is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up exa...
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doaj-d7955b400adc42bd82d9a92eda0769e72020-11-25T00:37:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012020-02-01174140210.3390/ijerph17041402ijerph17041402Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older AdultsFan He0Tian Li1Junfen Lin2Fudong Li3Yujia Zhai4Tao Zhang5Xue Gu6Genming Zhao7Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USAZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaThere is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up examinations for two years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the participants’ cognitive function. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to calculate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) as measures of the association between passive smoking exposure and cognitive impairment after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed an association between passive smoking exposure in the living environment and increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01−1.35). No dose−response relationship between the cumulative dose of passive smoking exposure (days) and cognitive impairment was observed. The results of stratified analyses suggested a harmful effect of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in non-smokers (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06−1.46), but not in smokers (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.71−1.92). Therefore, passive smoking exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, especially non-smokers. More effective measures to restrict smoking in the living environment should be developed and implemented.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/4/1402passive smokingcognitive impairmentlongitudinal studyhazard ratiodementiaolder adultsaging |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fan He Tian Li Junfen Lin Fudong Li Yujia Zhai Tao Zhang Xue Gu Genming Zhao |
spellingShingle |
Fan He Tian Li Junfen Lin Fudong Li Yujia Zhai Tao Zhang Xue Gu Genming Zhao Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health passive smoking cognitive impairment longitudinal study hazard ratio dementia older adults aging |
author_facet |
Fan He Tian Li Junfen Lin Fudong Li Yujia Zhai Tao Zhang Xue Gu Genming Zhao |
author_sort |
Fan He |
title |
Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults |
title_short |
Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults |
title_full |
Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults |
title_fullStr |
Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults |
title_sort |
passive smoking exposure in living environments reduces cognitive function: a prospective cohort study in older adults |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
There is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up examinations for two years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the participants’ cognitive function. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to calculate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) as measures of the association between passive smoking exposure and cognitive impairment after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed an association between passive smoking exposure in the living environment and increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01−1.35). No dose−response relationship between the cumulative dose of passive smoking exposure (days) and cognitive impairment was observed. The results of stratified analyses suggested a harmful effect of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in non-smokers (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06−1.46), but not in smokers (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.71−1.92). Therefore, passive smoking exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, especially non-smokers. More effective measures to restrict smoking in the living environment should be developed and implemented. |
topic |
passive smoking cognitive impairment longitudinal study hazard ratio dementia older adults aging |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/4/1402 |
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