N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume
<i>Background and Motivation:</i> Nitrogen content in tissues of <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> Blume is key for flowering and seed production. However, there is a lack of information on seasonal intra-plant nitrogen partitioning in this representative tree species t...
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doaj-d7ddb499f0c94cb7b55aca2b4a565e8e2020-11-25T00:45:34ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072019-04-0110433010.3390/f10040330f10040330N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> BlumeFelix Seidel0M. Larry Lopez C.1Luisella Celi2Eleonora Bonifacio3Akira Oikawa4Toshiro Yamanaka5Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-0032, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-0032, JapanDepartment of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Torino, ItalyFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-0032, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan<i>Background and Motivation:</i> Nitrogen content in tissues of <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> Blume is key for flowering and seed production. However, there is a lack of information on seasonal intra-plant nitrogen partitioning in this representative tree species typical of heavy snowfall regions in Japan. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> intra-plant nitrogen movement by means of nitrogen content, nitrogen isotope analysis, and amino acids temporal variability. <i>Materials</i> <i>and</i> <i>Methods:</i> Nitrogen content, isotope ratio, and free amino acids content were measured in coarse roots, sapwood, leaves, and litter in four phenological stages in nine adult <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> trees and upscaled to the whole-tree level. <i>Results:</i> Nitrogen was reabsorbed to and stored in coarse roots during the pre-abscission stage, as was revealed by the depletion of the δ<sup>15</sup>N ratio of coarse roots, which coincided with an enrichment of <sup>15</sup>N found in leaves. During the post-abscission stage, N was stored in the sapwood, where an enrichment in <sup>15</sup>N was found coinciding with the depletion of the δ<sup>15</sup>N ratio in leaves. It seemed that <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen was initially reabsorbed from leaves to coarse roots during the pre-abscission period, followed by the reabsorption of <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen from leaves to sapwood shortly before leaf abscission. Free amino acids content and their dynamics could mostly explain seasonal δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation in leaves, coarse roots, and partially in sapwood. At the whole-tree level, N content stored in coarse roots and sapwood was similar. Furthermore, reabsorbed leaf N accounted for 32% of all nitrogen stored during leaf senescence. <i>Conclusion:</i> We found three phases of nitrogen storage revealed by δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation during leaf senescence: (1) reabsorption of leaf <sup>15</sup>N-depleted nitrogen to coarse roots, followed by (2) reabsorption of leaf <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen to sapwood and (3) soil <sup>15</sup>N-depleted nitrogen uptake to coarse roots. Further, changes in free amino acids, which are the result of enzyme activities involved in amino acids synthesis, partially explained δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation in plant tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/4/330Amino acidsNitrogen recyclingNitrogen storageStable isotopesWhole-tree N |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Felix Seidel M. Larry Lopez C. Luisella Celi Eleonora Bonifacio Akira Oikawa Toshiro Yamanaka |
spellingShingle |
Felix Seidel M. Larry Lopez C. Luisella Celi Eleonora Bonifacio Akira Oikawa Toshiro Yamanaka N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume Forests Amino acids Nitrogen recycling Nitrogen storage Stable isotopes Whole-tree N |
author_facet |
Felix Seidel M. Larry Lopez C. Luisella Celi Eleonora Bonifacio Akira Oikawa Toshiro Yamanaka |
author_sort |
Felix Seidel |
title |
N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume |
title_short |
N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume |
title_full |
N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume |
title_fullStr |
N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume |
title_full_unstemmed |
N Isotope Fractionation in Tree Tissues During N Reabsorption and Remobilization in <i>Fagus crenata</i> Blume |
title_sort |
n isotope fractionation in tree tissues during n reabsorption and remobilization in <i>fagus crenata</i> blume |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
<i>Background and Motivation:</i> Nitrogen content in tissues of <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> Blume is key for flowering and seed production. However, there is a lack of information on seasonal intra-plant nitrogen partitioning in this representative tree species typical of heavy snowfall regions in Japan. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> intra-plant nitrogen movement by means of nitrogen content, nitrogen isotope analysis, and amino acids temporal variability. <i>Materials</i> <i>and</i> <i>Methods:</i> Nitrogen content, isotope ratio, and free amino acids content were measured in coarse roots, sapwood, leaves, and litter in four phenological stages in nine adult <i>Fagus</i> <i>crenata</i> trees and upscaled to the whole-tree level. <i>Results:</i> Nitrogen was reabsorbed to and stored in coarse roots during the pre-abscission stage, as was revealed by the depletion of the δ<sup>15</sup>N ratio of coarse roots, which coincided with an enrichment of <sup>15</sup>N found in leaves. During the post-abscission stage, N was stored in the sapwood, where an enrichment in <sup>15</sup>N was found coinciding with the depletion of the δ<sup>15</sup>N ratio in leaves. It seemed that <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen was initially reabsorbed from leaves to coarse roots during the pre-abscission period, followed by the reabsorption of <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen from leaves to sapwood shortly before leaf abscission. Free amino acids content and their dynamics could mostly explain seasonal δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation in leaves, coarse roots, and partially in sapwood. At the whole-tree level, N content stored in coarse roots and sapwood was similar. Furthermore, reabsorbed leaf N accounted for 32% of all nitrogen stored during leaf senescence. <i>Conclusion:</i> We found three phases of nitrogen storage revealed by δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation during leaf senescence: (1) reabsorption of leaf <sup>15</sup>N-depleted nitrogen to coarse roots, followed by (2) reabsorption of leaf <sup>15</sup>N-enriched nitrogen to sapwood and (3) soil <sup>15</sup>N-depleted nitrogen uptake to coarse roots. Further, changes in free amino acids, which are the result of enzyme activities involved in amino acids synthesis, partially explained δ<sup>15</sup>N fractionation in plant tissues. |
topic |
Amino acids Nitrogen recycling Nitrogen storage Stable isotopes Whole-tree N |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/4/330 |
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