Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has raised significant public health concerns due to their persistence and toxicity in the human body. Here, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of exposure to chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) and legacy PFAS...
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doaj-d81cd7fb48764bef87d1a3f6673a52f42021-10-01T04:46:42ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202021-12-01157106820Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal dosesYuan Wang0Xiaotong Li1Zhe Zheng2Yali Shi3Yaqi Cai4College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaForeign Environmental Cooperation Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, ChinaSchool of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Corresponding author at: School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaExposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has raised significant public health concerns due to their persistence and toxicity in the human body. Here, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of exposure to chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) and legacy PFASs and the relative contribution from different external pathways to human exposure. Three Cl-PFESAs and fourteen legacy PFASs were detected in human serum, fish, indoor dust and drinking water collected from Shijiazhuang, China. Results showed that 6:2 Cl-PFESA was the third most predominant compound, with an average concentration of 2.70 ng/mL in serum, which was lower than those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) (14.79 and 4.91 ng/mL). The estimated daily intake of 6:2 Cl-PFESA via dust ingestion (mean: 0.008 ng/kg bw/day) was found to be highest among all detected PFASs, while the highest value via fish and drinking water was found for PFOS and PFOA (0.438–9.799 and 0.034–0.155 ng/kg bw/day), respectively. The similar composition of PFASs between serum and fish suggests that fish consumption is a major contributor to human exposure to PFASs. However, the increasing ratios of EDIindoor dust/EDIfish for PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA indicated that the contribution of dust ingestion for PFASs, especially 6:2 Cl-PFESA, could not be ignored. The modeled serum concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA higher than its observed levels hint at its gradually increasing exposure levels in the general population. Combined with the lower modeled levels of PFOS than the observed levels, the substituent with 6:2 Cl-PFESA for PFOS is obvious in China. Therefore, further studies on contributions from more detailed external sources and risk assessments of Cl-PFESAs are recommended, especially for some vulnerable subpopulations, considering their widespread exposure and similar environmental behaviors compared with those of their predecessors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021004451Cl-PFESAsLegacy PFASsHuman exposureExposure pathways |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yuan Wang Xiaotong Li Zhe Zheng Yali Shi Yaqi Cai |
spellingShingle |
Yuan Wang Xiaotong Li Zhe Zheng Yali Shi Yaqi Cai Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses Environment International Cl-PFESAs Legacy PFASs Human exposure Exposure pathways |
author_facet |
Yuan Wang Xiaotong Li Zhe Zheng Yali Shi Yaqi Cai |
author_sort |
Yuan Wang |
title |
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses |
title_short |
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses |
title_full |
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses |
title_fullStr |
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: From external exposure to internal doses |
title_sort |
chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids in fish, dust, drinking water and human serum: from external exposure to internal doses |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2021-12-01 |
description |
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has raised significant public health concerns due to their persistence and toxicity in the human body. Here, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of exposure to chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) and legacy PFASs and the relative contribution from different external pathways to human exposure. Three Cl-PFESAs and fourteen legacy PFASs were detected in human serum, fish, indoor dust and drinking water collected from Shijiazhuang, China. Results showed that 6:2 Cl-PFESA was the third most predominant compound, with an average concentration of 2.70 ng/mL in serum, which was lower than those of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) (14.79 and 4.91 ng/mL). The estimated daily intake of 6:2 Cl-PFESA via dust ingestion (mean: 0.008 ng/kg bw/day) was found to be highest among all detected PFASs, while the highest value via fish and drinking water was found for PFOS and PFOA (0.438–9.799 and 0.034–0.155 ng/kg bw/day), respectively. The similar composition of PFASs between serum and fish suggests that fish consumption is a major contributor to human exposure to PFASs. However, the increasing ratios of EDIindoor dust/EDIfish for PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 Cl-PFESA indicated that the contribution of dust ingestion for PFASs, especially 6:2 Cl-PFESA, could not be ignored. The modeled serum concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA higher than its observed levels hint at its gradually increasing exposure levels in the general population. Combined with the lower modeled levels of PFOS than the observed levels, the substituent with 6:2 Cl-PFESA for PFOS is obvious in China. Therefore, further studies on contributions from more detailed external sources and risk assessments of Cl-PFESAs are recommended, especially for some vulnerable subpopulations, considering their widespread exposure and similar environmental behaviors compared with those of their predecessors. |
topic |
Cl-PFESAs Legacy PFASs Human exposure Exposure pathways |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021004451 |
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