Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland
Multi-instrument, ground-based measurements provide unique and comprehensive data sets of the atmosphere for a specific location over long periods of time and resulting data compliment past and existing global satellite observations. This paper explores the effect of ice hydrometeors on ground-b...
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doaj-d87bafc23c2642629d21eb68b37eaaa32020-11-24T21:30:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-04-01164743475610.5194/acp-16-4743-2016Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, GreenlandC. Pettersen0R. Bennartz1R. Bennartz2M. S. Kulie3A. J. Merrelli4M. D. Shupe5D. D. Turner6Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USASpace Science and Engineering Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USAVanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USASpace Science and Engineering Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USASpace Science and Engineering Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USACooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado and NOAA – Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USANational Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, USAMulti-instrument, ground-based measurements provide unique and comprehensive data sets of the atmosphere for a specific location over long periods of time and resulting data compliment past and existing global satellite observations. This paper explores the effect of ice hydrometeors on ground-based, high-frequency passive microwave measurements and attempts to isolate an ice signature for summer seasons at Summit, Greenland, from 2010 to 2013. Data from a combination of passive microwave, cloud radar, radiosonde, and ceilometer were examined to isolate the ice signature at microwave wavelengths. By limiting the study to a cloud liquid water path of 40 g m<sup>−2</sup> or less, the cloud radar can identify cases where the precipitation was dominated by ice. These cases were examined using liquid water and gas microwave absorption models, and brightness temperatures were calculated for the high-frequency microwave channels: 90, 150, and 225 GHz. By comparing the measured brightness temperatures from the microwave radiometers and the calculated brightness temperature using only gas and liquid contributions, any residual brightness temperature difference is due to emission and scattering of microwave radiation from the ice hydrometeors in the column. The ice signature in the 90, 150, and 225 GHz channels for the Summit Station summer months was isolated. This measured ice signature was then compared to an equivalent brightness temperature difference calculated with a radiative transfer model including microwave single-scattering properties for several ice habits. Initial model results compare well against the 4 years of summer season isolated ice signature in the high-frequency microwave channels.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/4743/2016/acp-16-4743-2016.pdf |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
C. Pettersen R. Bennartz R. Bennartz M. S. Kulie A. J. Merrelli M. D. Shupe D. D. Turner |
spellingShingle |
C. Pettersen R. Bennartz R. Bennartz M. S. Kulie A. J. Merrelli M. D. Shupe D. D. Turner Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
C. Pettersen R. Bennartz R. Bennartz M. S. Kulie A. J. Merrelli M. D. Shupe D. D. Turner |
author_sort |
C. Pettersen |
title |
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland |
title_short |
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland |
title_full |
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland |
title_fullStr |
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland |
title_sort |
microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above summit, greenland |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2016-04-01 |
description |
Multi-instrument, ground-based measurements provide unique and comprehensive
data sets of the atmosphere for a specific location over long periods of time
and resulting data compliment past and existing global satellite
observations. This paper explores the effect of ice hydrometeors on
ground-based, high-frequency passive microwave measurements and attempts to
isolate an ice signature for summer seasons at Summit, Greenland, from 2010
to 2013. Data from a combination of passive microwave, cloud radar,
radiosonde, and ceilometer were examined to isolate the ice signature at
microwave wavelengths. By limiting the study to a cloud liquid water path of
40 g m<sup>−2</sup> or less, the cloud radar can identify cases where the
precipitation was dominated by ice. These cases were examined using liquid
water and gas microwave absorption models, and brightness temperatures were
calculated for the high-frequency microwave channels: 90, 150, and 225 GHz.
By comparing the measured brightness temperatures from the microwave
radiometers and the calculated brightness temperature using only gas and
liquid contributions, any residual brightness temperature difference is due
to emission and scattering of microwave radiation from the ice hydrometeors
in the column. The ice signature in the 90, 150, and 225 GHz channels for
the Summit Station summer months was isolated. This measured ice signature
was then compared to an equivalent brightness temperature difference
calculated with a radiative transfer model including microwave
single-scattering properties for several ice habits. Initial model results
compare well against the 4 years of summer season isolated ice signature in
the high-frequency microwave channels. |
url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/4743/2016/acp-16-4743-2016.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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