The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy that comprises mostly indolent differentiated cancers (DTCs) and less frequently aggressive poorly differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic cancers (ATCs) with high mortality. Utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and advanced sequencing...
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doaj-d8b8b97947614614ae0bd9392be23fe32021-05-31T23:02:25ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-05-01101082108210.3390/cells10051082The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for ImmunotherapyAmandeep Singh0Jeehoon Ham1Joseph William Po2Navin Niles3Tara Roberts4Cheok Soon Lee5Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, AustraliaDiscipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, AustraliaCONCERT Biobank, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, AustraliaDiscipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, AustraliaSchool of Medicine, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, AustraliaDiscipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, AustraliaThyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy that comprises mostly indolent differentiated cancers (DTCs) and less frequently aggressive poorly differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic cancers (ATCs) with high mortality. Utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and advanced sequencing data analysis can aid in understanding the multi-step progression model in the development of thyroid cancers and their metastatic potential at a molecular level, promoting a targeted approach to further research and development of targeted treatment options including immunotherapy, especially for the aggressive variants. Tumour initiation and progression in thyroid cancer occurs through constitutional activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through mutations in <i>BRAF</i>, <i>RAS</i>, mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and/or receptor tyrosine kinase fusions/translocations, and other genetic aberrations acquired in a stepwise manner. This review provides a summary of the recent genetic aberrations implicated in the development and progression of thyroid cancer and implications for immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1082thyroid cancergenomicsimmunotherapymicroenvironmentPD-L1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Amandeep Singh Jeehoon Ham Joseph William Po Navin Niles Tara Roberts Cheok Soon Lee |
spellingShingle |
Amandeep Singh Jeehoon Ham Joseph William Po Navin Niles Tara Roberts Cheok Soon Lee The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy Cells thyroid cancer genomics immunotherapy microenvironment PD-L1 |
author_facet |
Amandeep Singh Jeehoon Ham Joseph William Po Navin Niles Tara Roberts Cheok Soon Lee |
author_sort |
Amandeep Singh |
title |
The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy |
title_short |
The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy |
title_full |
The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy |
title_fullStr |
The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Genomic Landscape of Thyroid Cancer Tumourigenesis and Implications for Immunotherapy |
title_sort |
genomic landscape of thyroid cancer tumourigenesis and implications for immunotherapy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy that comprises mostly indolent differentiated cancers (DTCs) and less frequently aggressive poorly differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic cancers (ATCs) with high mortality. Utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and advanced sequencing data analysis can aid in understanding the multi-step progression model in the development of thyroid cancers and their metastatic potential at a molecular level, promoting a targeted approach to further research and development of targeted treatment options including immunotherapy, especially for the aggressive variants. Tumour initiation and progression in thyroid cancer occurs through constitutional activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through mutations in <i>BRAF</i>, <i>RAS</i>, mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and/or receptor tyrosine kinase fusions/translocations, and other genetic aberrations acquired in a stepwise manner. This review provides a summary of the recent genetic aberrations implicated in the development and progression of thyroid cancer and implications for immunotherapy. |
topic |
thyroid cancer genomics immunotherapy microenvironment PD-L1 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1082 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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