Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences.
Somatic hypermutation (SH) generates point mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of activated B cells, providing genetic diversity for the affinity maturation of antibodies. SH requires the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein and transcription of the mutation target s...
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2014-04-01
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doaj-d8c75f8713464da9bd7f8ad340ca12632021-07-02T21:22:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852014-04-01124e100183110.1371/journal.pbio.1001831Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences.Jean-Marie BuersteddeJukka AlinikulaHiroshi ArakawaJessica J McDonaldDavid G SchatzSomatic hypermutation (SH) generates point mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of activated B cells, providing genetic diversity for the affinity maturation of antibodies. SH requires the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein and transcription of the mutation target sequence, but how the Ig gene specificity of mutations is achieved has remained elusive. We show here using a sensitive and carefully controlled assay that the Ig enhancers strongly activate SH in neighboring genes even though their stimulation of transcription is negligible. Mutations in certain E-box, NFκB, MEF2, or Ets family binding sites--known to be important for the transcriptional role of Ig enhancers--impair or abolish the activity. Full activation of SH typically requires a combination of multiple Ig enhancer and enhancer-like elements. The mechanism is evolutionarily conserved, as mammalian Ig lambda and Ig heavy chain intron enhancers efficiently stimulate hypermutation in chicken cells. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory function for Ig enhancers, indicating that they either recruit AID or alter the accessibility of the nearby transcription units.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24691034/?tool=EBI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jean-Marie Buerstedde Jukka Alinikula Hiroshi Arakawa Jessica J McDonald David G Schatz |
spellingShingle |
Jean-Marie Buerstedde Jukka Alinikula Hiroshi Arakawa Jessica J McDonald David G Schatz Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. PLoS Biology |
author_facet |
Jean-Marie Buerstedde Jukka Alinikula Hiroshi Arakawa Jessica J McDonald David G Schatz |
author_sort |
Jean-Marie Buerstedde |
title |
Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
title_short |
Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
title_full |
Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
title_fullStr |
Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
title_sort |
targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Biology |
issn |
1544-9173 1545-7885 |
publishDate |
2014-04-01 |
description |
Somatic hypermutation (SH) generates point mutations within rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes of activated B cells, providing genetic diversity for the affinity maturation of antibodies. SH requires the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein and transcription of the mutation target sequence, but how the Ig gene specificity of mutations is achieved has remained elusive. We show here using a sensitive and carefully controlled assay that the Ig enhancers strongly activate SH in neighboring genes even though their stimulation of transcription is negligible. Mutations in certain E-box, NFκB, MEF2, or Ets family binding sites--known to be important for the transcriptional role of Ig enhancers--impair or abolish the activity. Full activation of SH typically requires a combination of multiple Ig enhancer and enhancer-like elements. The mechanism is evolutionarily conserved, as mammalian Ig lambda and Ig heavy chain intron enhancers efficiently stimulate hypermutation in chicken cells. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory function for Ig enhancers, indicating that they either recruit AID or alter the accessibility of the nearby transcription units. |
url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24691034/?tool=EBI |
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