Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting
Abstract A prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting on the prey and predators is investigated in this paper. First, we discuss the number and type of the equilibria by analyzing the equations of equilibria and the distribution of eigenvalues. Second, with the rescaled harvesting efforts a...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-021-02597-9 |
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doaj-d8e4c766dc9e41f89952cd52267e7c4d2021-04-11T11:03:41ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Inequalities and Applications1029-242X2021-04-012021112310.1186/s13660-021-02597-9Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvestingLifang Cheng0Litao Zhang1School of Mathematics, Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsSchool of Mathematics, Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsAbstract A prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting on the prey and predators is investigated in this paper. First, we discuss the number and type of the equilibria by analyzing the equations of equilibria and the distribution of eigenvalues. Second, with the rescaled harvesting efforts as bifurcation parameters, a subcritical Hopf bifurcation is exhibited near the multiple focus and a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is also displayed near the BT singularity by analyzing the versal unfolding of the model. With the variation of bifurcation parameters, the system shows multi-stable structure, and the attractive domains for different attractors are constituted by the stable and unstable manifolds of saddles and the limit cycles bifurcated from Hopf and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. Finally, a cusp point and two generalized Hopf points are found on the saddle-node bifurcation curve and the Hopf bifurcation curves, respectively. Several phase diagrams for parameters near one of the generalized Hopf points are exhibited through the generalized Hopf bifurcation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-021-02597-9Hopf bifurcationBogdanov–Takens bifurcationLyapunov numberCusp bifurcationGeneralized Hopf bifurcation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lifang Cheng Litao Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Lifang Cheng Litao Zhang Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting Journal of Inequalities and Applications Hopf bifurcation Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation Lyapunov number Cusp bifurcation Generalized Hopf bifurcation |
author_facet |
Lifang Cheng Litao Zhang |
author_sort |
Lifang Cheng |
title |
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
title_short |
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
title_full |
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
title_fullStr |
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of a Holling IV prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
title_sort |
bogdanov–takens bifurcation of a holling iv prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
series |
Journal of Inequalities and Applications |
issn |
1029-242X |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract A prey–predator model with constant-effort harvesting on the prey and predators is investigated in this paper. First, we discuss the number and type of the equilibria by analyzing the equations of equilibria and the distribution of eigenvalues. Second, with the rescaled harvesting efforts as bifurcation parameters, a subcritical Hopf bifurcation is exhibited near the multiple focus and a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is also displayed near the BT singularity by analyzing the versal unfolding of the model. With the variation of bifurcation parameters, the system shows multi-stable structure, and the attractive domains for different attractors are constituted by the stable and unstable manifolds of saddles and the limit cycles bifurcated from Hopf and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. Finally, a cusp point and two generalized Hopf points are found on the saddle-node bifurcation curve and the Hopf bifurcation curves, respectively. Several phase diagrams for parameters near one of the generalized Hopf points are exhibited through the generalized Hopf bifurcation. |
topic |
Hopf bifurcation Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation Lyapunov number Cusp bifurcation Generalized Hopf bifurcation |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-021-02597-9 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lifangcheng bogdanovtakensbifurcationofahollingivpreypredatormodelwithconstanteffortharvesting AT litaozhang bogdanovtakensbifurcationofahollingivpreypredatormodelwithconstanteffortharvesting |
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1721531539090571264 |